cardiovascular system

Plasma

Liquid matrix surrounding blood cells, consisting of water, proteins, and other solutes.

Formed elements

Cellular components of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Hemopoiesis

Process of producing blood cells from pluripotent stem cells.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells containing hemoglobin to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Leukocytes

White blood cells with a nucleus and organelles, classified as granular or agranular.

Platelets

Cell fragments used for blood clotting under the influence of thrombopoietin.

Hemostasis

Process to stop bleeding involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting.

Blood Groups

Classification based on the presence of antigens on red blood cells, with A, B, AB, and O types.

Erythropoietin

Hormone released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production.

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Condition where Rh incompatibility causes maternal antibodies to attack fetal red blood cells.

Cardiovascular System

Closed system of blood, heart, and blood vessels for nutrient delivery and waste removal.

Heart Chambers

Four chambers including atria for receiving blood and ventricles for discharging blood.

Heart Valves

Four valves allowing one-way blood flow, including atrioventricular and semilunar valves.

Blood Vessels

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart, and capillaries exchange substances with tissues.

Arteries

Blood vessels with the thickest walls.

Veins

Blood vessels with larger lumens.

Capillaries

Blood vessels with walls only one cell layer thick for exchanges between blood and tissue.

Pulse

Pressure wave of blood in the body.

Blood Pressure

Force of blood against the walls of blood vessels.

Systolic

Blood pressure when the heart contracts to pump blood out.

Diastolic

Blood pressure when the heart relaxes after contraction.

Cardiovascular System Disease

Various conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.

Arteriosclerosis

Buildup of fat deposits and other substances on artery walls.

Heart Failure

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands.

Aneurysm

Bulge or bubble in an artery wall.

Stroke

Damage to blood vessels supplying the brain due to blockage or rupture.

Leukemia

Cancer of the blood characterized by uncontrolled cell division.