W geo vocab chapter 9

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food security

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

undernourishment

Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity.

agriculture

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.the transfer of plants, animals, people, culture, and technology between the Western Hemisphere (New World) and Europe, as a result of European colonization and trade

Columbian Exchange

the transfer of plants, animals, people, culture, and technology between the Western Hemisphere (New World) and Europe, as a result of European colonization and trade

subsistence agriculture

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family

Commercial Agriculture

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

Ranching

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.

Aquaculture

the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Pastoral Nomadism

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

Desertification

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)

A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology.