Which of the following best describes a cell that is likely to have an extensive Golgi complex?

Correct. Stomach cells that produce and secrete digestive enzymes require an extensive Golgi complex because this organelle is responsible for processing, packaging, and preparing proteins, such as digestive enzymes, for secretion from the cell.

Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes that compartmentalize reactions and other metabolic processes. To function properly, the organelles must move substances across their membranes.

Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?

Compared with a smooth membrane, a highly folded membrane has a greater surface area that increases the rate of material transport across the membrane and provides more support for membrane-associated processes.

All eukaryotic cells contain at least one Golgi complex, typically located in the cytoplasm and near the endoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following best describes a process that occurs within the Golgi complex?

The Golgi complex is a membrane-bound structure to which some proteins are moved from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where they are enzymatically modified before being sent to a cellular membrane.

Which of the following claims is scientifically accurate and consistent with an observation that a decrease in lysosome production within a cell leads to a decline in mitochondrial activity?

A function of the lysosomes is the breakdown and recycling of macronutrients, such as carbohydrates. Products of carbohydrate breakdown such as glucose are utilized by the mitochondria in the process of cell respiration.

Muscle cells have high ATP demands. Which of the following is a scientific claim about how the structure of the mitochondria in muscle cells should be different than it is in other cells because of the high energy demands of mitochondria?

Responses

The amount of ATP produced is related to the number of ATP synthase molecules located on the inner mitochondria membrane. Increasing the folds increases the number of ATP generation sites and results in more production.

Macrophages and B lymphocytes are cells that help fight infections. Macrophages engulf and destroy bacteria. B lymphocytes produce proteins that bind to bacteria in the blood.

Based on the functions of macrophages and B lymphocytes, which of the following claims is most likely true of the organelles needed in both types of cells?

Responses

Both cell types require an extensive endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex to process and transport proteins. Macrophages need these organelles for producing digestive enzymes, while B lymphocytes need them for protein (antibody) production and secretion.

Researchers propose a model to explain variation in phytoplankton cell sizes in a marine environment. They base their model on the idea that smaller cells absorb nutrients more efficiently. The researchers predict that the mean diameter of phytoplankton cells will change by 50 micrometers for every 5-kilometer increase in distance from the shore because of a gradual decrease in nutrient availability. To test their model, the researchers determine that the phytoplankton cells found closest to shore have a mean diameter of 900 micrometers.

Based on the model, what will be the mean diameter of the phytoplankton cells that are found 25 kilometers from shore?

The model predicts that phytoplankton cell size will decrease with increasing distance from the shore, resulting in increased efficiency of nutrient absorption. The correct value was arrived at by subtracting 250 from 900.

A spherical bacterial cell has a radius of 3pum. The human egg cell has a radius of 100pum.

Which statement correctly indicates the cell that is able to more efficiently exchange materials with the external environment and provides a correct explanation?

The bacterial cell is more efficient in the exchange of materials with the external environment. While the egg cell is much larger than the bacterial cell, the egg cell has a surface-to-volume ratio that is 33 times smaller than the bacterial cell's surface-to-volume ratio.