OralComm - Q2, Departmental

Speech

It pertains to the art of effective oral communication with a specific audience.

Speech

It is governed by certain rules of interaction, language use, and content based on its context and purpose.

• Kind of event 

• Audience 

• Degree of formality and informality 

• Purpose of the speech

• Delivery

Aspects That Will Significantly Affect a Speech (KAD-PC)

1. Persuasive Speech

2. Informative Speech

3. Entertainment Speech

4. Expository Speech

5. Speech for Special Occasions

6. Read Speech

7. Memorized Speech

8. Impromptu Speech

9. Extemporaneous Speech

Types of Speeches (PIEE-ESRMIE)

Informative Speech

It provides knowledge about different objects, topics, events, or concepts 

Expository Speech

It provides a detailed explanation of a systematic series of actions about how something happens, how is it done, or how it works. 

Stephen Lucas (2009)

According to him, persuasion is “the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people’s beliefs or actions.”

Persuasive Speech

It aims to affect the attributes, values, beliefs, and actions of the audience towards an opinion that is similar to that of the speaker.

Entertainment Speech

It focuses on attracting the audience’s attention or amusing them while delivering a clear message through context-appropriate emotions.

1. Speech of Introduction

2. Speech of Presentation

3. Speech of Acceptance

4. Commemorative Speech

5. Toast Speech

6. Roast Speech

Types of Speech for Special Occasions (IPACTR)

Speech of Introduction

this type of speech is delivered to present the main speaker in an event.

Speech of Presentation

it is a type of speech that is used to give a person an award, recognition, special citation, or other forms of honor. 

Speech of Acceptance

after the speech of appreciation, the speaker proceeds to express his/her gratitude.

Commemorative Speech

It is used to pay a tribute to a specific person, group of people, institution, or other celebrations. 

Toast Speech

An individual is being honored for his/her achievements, milestones, or accomplishments.

Roast Speech

It provides the same purpose as the toast speech but is delivered in a humorous tone.

Special Commemorative Speeches

speeches that can be done separately or combined together depending on the focus of the event and the nature of the audience

Introduction : Info., Expo.

An introductory discussion on the information to be disseminated or the process to be explained

Body : Info., Expo.

The information should be presented in a logical and chronological manner with its relevant explanations 

Conclusion : Info., Expo.

A summary of information should be provided, together with the relevance of the information and its implications 

Introduction : Persua.

A thesis statement should be discussed together with the summary of points that support the stand

Body : Persua

Information about the problem, detailed presentation of views, supporting details about the stand

Conclusion : Persua

Reiteration of the stand of the speaker with strong emphasis and persuasion to gain the hearts of the learners 

Read Speech

It is a speech delivered on a prepared written or printed document.

Read Speech

It is also called manuscript speaking.

Memorized Speech

It is a speech in which the message is recited based on what the speaker committed to memory.

Memorized Speech

It is dependent on a written work that was prepared before the speech delivery.

Impromptu Speech

It is a kind of speech that is delivered without preparation in advance. 

Impromptu Speech

It focuses on the authenticity and proficiency of the author.

Extemporaneous Speech

It is the most challenging yet fulfilling speech.

Extemporaneous Speech

A speaker is allowed to prepare for at least five minutes. Within five minutes, the speaker may plan and rehearse his ideas. 

Prosodic Features of Speech (VPPPPA)

1. Volume

2. Pitch

3. Pace

4. Pauses

5. Pronunciation

6. Articulation

Prosodic Features of Speech

which are the sounds that you put together and how you deliver them as you speak.

Volume

the loudness or softness of a speaker's voice.

Volume

It is a tool that speakers can use to empower their speaking voice.

Pitch

It refers to the highness or lowness of the speaker's voice.

Pitch

It can be used to convey varying emotions as you speak.

Inflection

It refers to the changes in the pitch of the speaker.

Modulation

It is the ability to control the volume and pitch as you deliver a speech.

Modulation

It can help you emphasize key points, express emotions, create contrast, and avoid monotony.

Pace

It is also called rate

Pace

refers to the speed at which a speaker delivers his or her message.

Pauses

It refers to the momentary breaks in speech delivery, which speakers use to collect their thoughts, to breathe and prepare for the next word to say, and even for dramatic effect.

Pronunciation

It refers to the accepted standard sound and rhythm in a language.

Articulation

The physical production of sounds when pronouncing words.

Proper Articulation

happens when you can produce the right sounds of the words based on the letters present

Proper Pronunciation

happens when you articulate these words based on the standards of the language

1. Non-Verbal Cues

2. Physical Appearance

3. Stage Presence

4. Facial Expressions

5. Gestures

6. Body Movements

Paralinguistic Features of Speech Delivery (NPS-FGB)

Personal Appearance

sends message to the audience right away

Personal Appearance

Related to the way the audience sees and evaluate the speaker based on their perceptions.

Stage Presence

This refers to how you handle yourself on stage & how you command the attention of the audience.

Stage Presence

Audience will recognize you as a credible speaker if you could already capture their attention the moment you walk to the podium.

Facial Expressions

primary access to your emotion

Facial Expressions

your face should show the feelings that your message is trying to convey to be able to appeal emotions to the audience. if not, audience might see you and your speech as insincere and confusing.

Gestures and Movements

body movements indicate your current state as a speaker and as an audience

Gestures and Movements

hand & arm movements are referred as

Gestures and Movements

unnecessary movements onstage tend to be distracting to the audience.

Moving your feet forward & backward

Swaying from side-to-side

leaning on one foot

Movements to Avoid When Speaking

Visual Aids

helpful to deliver your message easily.

Objects

bring actual materials or samples to demonstrate your presentation

Photographs & Drawings

aids to visualizing the topic.

Graphs, Charts, & Tables

helpful when planning to show a data or claim.

Slide Presentation

used if the presentation contains several text, images and other visual item.

Videos & Multimedia Presentations

interactive tools that helps the audience to visualize context speech.

Speaker

can also be the visual aid as he or she demonstrate concepts and practices in your speech, providing a visual representation of your message.

1.Know what constitutes your audience.

2.  Establish a relationship with your audience.

3.Engage your audience.

4.Frame your talk and adjust, when necessary.

5.Analyze their beliefs.

6.Ask them directly.

How to Analyze Your Audience (KEE-FAA)

1.Respect your audience.

2.Respect your audience’s time.

3.Come prepared.

4.Do not mislead your audience.

5.Avoid plagiarism.

6.Ensure your objective is ethical.

7.Be yourself.

Ethics in Public Speaking (RRCD-AFB)

Jessica Bailey (2013)

She stated that providing information that is true, correct, and credible is helpful as it is used as proof for arguments and supporting analyses, and allows the speaker to set up a point to refute to make for a stronger argument.

1. Primary

2. Secondary

3. Tertiary

Three types of sources

Primary Sources

Refer to the original materials where information can be found

Primary Sources

Diaries and journals

Court records

Creative works

Research (published in scholarly materials)

Interviews

Primary Sources

Personal accounts from persons who are experts or whose experience matter in the topic.

Secondary Sources

These are materials that describe, analyze, or reproduce the primary sources.

Secondary Sources

Dictionaries

Encyclopedias

Textbooks

Literature reviews in research

Papers that critique other works

News articles

Television reports and other recorded materials

Secondary Sources

There are also articles that gather information from other primary sources

Tertiary Sources

Used to organize primary and secondary sources

Index

compiles citations of different published materials

Abstracts

considered tertiary sources because they provide summaries of primary and secondary data, which you can read to determine if the information in the original material is relevant to your endeavor.

Online Database

collect various indexes and abstracts for easier access

Avoiding Plagiarism

The goal is for you to differentiate the information that you have obtained from sources and those that are your own opinions, thoughts, and ideas

Avoiding Plagiarism

To be credible in the information that you share in your speech, you must first know how to cite your sources properly

1. Directly copying another person's work.

2. Mosaic or patchwork plagiarism,

3. Accidental plagiarism

4. Poor paraphrasing

5. Paraphrasing or summarizing the work of others

6. Colluding with classmates and colleagues in submitting a work

7. Submitting someone else's full work as your own

8. Self-plagiarism

Forms of Plagiarism

1. Always cite your sources.

2. Do not copy from the source.

3. Write in your own words.

4. Paraphrase or summarize.

5. Be transparent.

Ways to Avoid Plagiarism

1. What is my purpose in speaking?

2. What does the audience need from me as a speaker?

3. Does the audience need to know this information?

4. Can this information be accessed easily?

5. Does the information help in proving my point?

6. Does the information uplift my credibility?

7. Is the information a repetition?

8. Is this information timely and relevant?

9. Does this information offer something new?

10. Will the information change the audience?

Questions to Ask Yourself in Weighing Information