MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS

What would happen to Elizabeth as long as Mary was alive?

plots would continue

What did Mary say about the plots against Elizabeth?

she knew nothing of them

What was important about Mary’s status as Queen?

it made her chosen by God

What was the concern if Mary was executed?

the response from powerful catholic countries, eg Spain

Who had Mary written letters to?

powerful people abroad escaping for help to escape

What was the issue with Mary being Scottish and courts?

she couldn’t be tried in an English court

What church did Mary threaten?

the CofE

What did Parliament want to do with Mary in the end?

put her to the death

What evidence was uncovered regarding Mary in 1586?

that the was involved in plots (Babington)

What was Elizabeth’s belief on the 1586 evidence?

likely she didn’t believe it, may have been a forgery or Mary tricked

When did Mrs cross the river Solway (dressed as an ordinary woman) and arrive in England?

16th May 1568

When was Mary escorted to Carlisle Castle?

18th May 1568

When was Mary moved to Bolton Castle and Elizabeth sending an emissary to say she wouldn’t receive Mary in London until the allegations were cleared?

8th June 1568

When was the York conference?

October 1568

When was Mary moved to Tutbury castle?

3rd February 1569

When did Mary apply to the Pope for a divorce from Bothwell, possibly so she could marry Norfolk?

June 1569

When was the marriage plot discovered and Norfolk sent to the tower?

July 1569

When was the revolt of the Northern Earls?

November 1569

What was the issue with Mary being young when she arrived?

potential for her to marry again and have kids, could be to a powerful European prince

What happened to William of Orange in 1584?

he was assassinated by a fanatical Burgundian Catholic, same could happen to Liz

What had the English privy council established?

a good relationship with Scotland and James VI

What was in the 1585 act for the Queens safety?

said that if after an investigation of the facts action could be taken against MQS and if Liz was assassinated then MQS would be excluded from the succession

Why was MQS not a threat between 1561-5?

Moray was running Scotland

What events in 1584 heightened fears of the ICC?

assassination of William of Orange, Joinville, Jesuits and Parma in the Netherlands

Why did Liz refuse to bring MQS to court?

due to fears of factionalism

The arrival of which two groups heightened fears of MQS?

Seminary priests and Jesuits

What did Mary wear whilst in Scotland?

the English coat of arms and was pushing her claim

What did the papal bull in 1580 encourage?

assassination of Liz

Who did Liz acknowledge as heir?

no-one, and never MQS, despite pressure from Parl to name someone

What was the 1584 bond of Association?

Privy council stating that they would assassinate MQS if needed

What does the 1572 bill of attainders and exclusion show about the threat of MQS?

shows her threat but wasn’t passed by Liz which shows the lack of threat

What was agreed with Catherine de Medici in the 1572 treaty of Blois?

agreed not to support MQS

What was MQS’s claim to the throne?

her grandmother was Margaret Tudor, so her great grandfather was Henry VII

what was Liz accepted as, what was the influence on MQS?

the rightful Queen and daughter of HVIII so MQS support was limited

What did Henry’s will say about foreigners?

couldn’t inherit and the people didn’t want a Scot on the throne of England

What waters was Mary allowed to take?

those at Buxton for their healing properties during her imprisonment

Why was Mary imprisoned in Coventry at the end?

far away from any coast or the northern border or London

What were the plots against Elizabeth?

Northern Earls (69), Ridolfi (71), Ridolfi (83), Throckmorton (84), Parry (86) Babington (86)

What did Elizabeth want to do in 1568?

help MQS to invade scotland

What was the issue with MQS becoming Queen of France in 1559?

a possible invasion claim

What did MQS tell the plotters In Babington?

to murder Elizabeth first so she wouldn’t appear connected

When was the Papal bull?

1570

why is it likely that none of the plots would have succeeded?

Walsingham hade a very efficient spy network

Why did Philip II not support MQS in the early years?

as she was French and he preferred Liz for fo po reasons

What previous actions of MQS had discredited her as a Queen?

the murder of Darnley, the marriage to Bothwell, the casket letters

What is an example of most of the English RC’s remaining loyal?

Wright writing against Allen in 1588 against the armada

Who were Philip and the Guise distracted by?

their own problems (French civil war, Netherlands, rebellions and wars against the Ottomans)

Which French group did matey have the support of?

the Guise who were often the power behind the throne

When did Mary give birth to James?

June 1566

When did Mrs marry the Earl of Bothwell?

15th May 1567

When is Darnley killed?

10th February 1567

How many confederate lords were there?

26

When did Francis die?

1560, of an ear infection

What is arranged in early 1562 between the queens, what happened?

for them to meet in Nottingham in the autumn but was cancelled in March after the massacre of the French protestants in France

What is the succession crisis in 1562?

after Liz contracts Smallpox and could die

How big is the Guise family?

2nd most influential family in France

When was MQS born?

1542

Who has control of Scotland when Liz comes to the throne?

Mary of Guise is regent and is backed by a French army

Why was Mary of Guise disliked?

Catholic, Woman and French

What happens to Scotland in 1559?

Knox arrives back in Scotland and a reformation occurs (presbyterian)

Where did France dominate after the loss of Calais?

the Straits of Dover

Who rebelled in Scotland in 1559?

Scottish protestants and Forced Mary if Guise to flee to top Edinburgh , want her out as she is backed by a French army BUT not trying to depose MQS as she’s in france and irrelevant

Who really controlled Policy under Guise, what happened?

Mary’s uncles controlled policy and in October 1559 they sent troops to defeat the rebels

Who are the 1559 Scottish rebels indirectly led by?

Protestants, notably MQS’s half brother Moray as they want him as regent

What did Cecil onvince Elizabeth to do with the 1559 Scottish rebels?

to intervene to ensure the survival of the new pro-english government and to keep the French away from England’s northern border, concerns over the Auld alliance and Guise don’t like Liz as she is seen as a Bastard and push MQS’s claim

What are the Protestant lords in Scotland called?

Protestant Lords of the congregation

Why did Liz initially NOT want to help the protestant rebels in 1559?

as she saw them as rebellious subjects

When does MQS return to Scotland?

1559

How does Cecil convince Liz to intervene in the 1559 rebellion/

by saying that MQS is using the English coat of arms in France

What does Elizabeth send to Scotland in 1560?

an army to help the rebels, attempts to defeat the garrison failed but the fleet one

What contributed to a Protestant success in 1560?

Mary of Guise unexpectedly died which led to the withdrawal of French troops

What was agreed in the 1560 treaty of Edinburgh?

England and France would withdraw from Scotland and MQS (who was now also queen of France) would give up her claim to th English throne and use English coat

What was the issue with the 1560 treaty of Edinburgh?

Mary never ratified it, so continued to use the arms

What was agreed in the 1560 treaty of Berwick?

with protestant Lords and agree to help

Where do the English fleet win in 1559?

the Firth of Forth

where does the army fail in 1559?

Leeth

Who did the government pass to after Mary of Guise?

to the protestant lords who maintain friendly relations with England and there is no auld alliance under Moray

When did Mary come to the throne?

at 6 days old in 1542 after Solway Moss making her the youngest ever monarch in the British isles, was now crowned on September 9th 1543

What happened to Scotland after the ascension of MQS?

the rough wooing (from 1544) as Henry wished to marry MQS to Edward (eg the 1543 ttreaty of Greenwich

How did the French alliance work as soon as Mary come to the throne?

Mary of Guise became regent and at 6 MQS was engaged to the Dauphin, she moved to France to the court of Henry II, she corresponded with her mother but Mary remained as regent, only visiting once

Who was Francis the son of?

Henry II and Catherine de Medici

What is the impact of MQS being brought up in the French court?

she’s a frenchwoman, speaks French and only lowland Scots

When did MQS marry Francois II?

24th April 1558

What was Ma+QS like at the French court?

popular, pretty, witty and self assured, clever but not as clever as Liz

Who pushed MQS to wear the English coat of arms?

her Guise uncles

Which two key people died in 1560?

Mary of Guise and Francois II

What unexpectedly happened to Henri II in 1559?

died during a jousting accident with a Scotsman in the celebrations after Cateau-Cambresis

Why are the Guise brothers essentially in charge during Francois IIs reign?

he was a sickly child, Guise called Francois a ‘puppy’ and MQS was dominated by them

What happens to MQS after the death of Francois?

asks to stay at court, but Catherine de Medici doesn't;t like her, says no, MQS wants to retire to a convent, but Catherine wants her gone as CIX wants to marry her but Catherine wants to keep her political control

How does MQS try to get back to Scotland?

asks liz for permission to travel through England but she is denied as she refused to ratify the treaty of Edinburgh

What did Mary agree to when she got to Scotland?

religious toleration, she was Catholic but kept the official church of Scorland

Which reformer did MQS clash with?

knox, eg ‘on the monstrous regiment of women’

Why does MQS work well with moray?

as Moray thinks he is a stupid child (to some extent this is true) and she is happy to let him direct policy

When did MQS and Liz meet?

never but corresponded frequently

Who was the rightful heir?

MQS

Who did Liz try to push as a marriage candidate?

Leicester as Robsart had just died so can be of use, as he definitely can’t marry Liz (only a horsemaster) so she could keep a Protestant eye on MQS, MQS refused

When was the Darnley marriage?

29th July 1565 at Holyrood palace

Who did Marry initially consider as a marriage candidate?

Don Carlos (PII’s son from second marriage to Isabel of Portugal) but she had inherited the Castilian madness and was later murdered by PII

Why does Mary remarry after Francois?

as they need a Scottish heir, see it as her duty

Who is Darnley?

lives in England, English subject, a great grandson of Henry VII (as his mother is the countess of Lennox) but has a Scottish father