Ethics/Philosophy Day 38-41
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21 Terms
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Identity
The relation a thing bears only to itself (defines what it is)
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Indiscernibility of identicals
If any two things are identical they must share all the same properties.
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Essential properties
Core elements needed for a thing to be the thing it is
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Accidental properties
Traits that could be taken away from an object without making it a different thing.
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Fungibility
The property of being interchangeable with other objects of the same kind.
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Body theory
Personal identity persist over time because you remain in the same body from birth to death (material/physical)
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Memory theory
Personal identity persist over time because you retain memories of yourself at different points, and each memory is connected to a past identity (non-material/ non-physical)
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“The concept of the self is just an illusion”
David Hume
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Identity in God
God’s image
In Adam (in state of condemnation)
In Christ
In Adam (in state of condemnation)
In Christ
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Persons
Being who are part of our moral community
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Genetic criterion
Your’re a person if you have human DNA, and you are not if you don’t
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Cognitive criteria
consciousness
reasoning
self-motivated activity
capacity to communicate
self-awareness
reasoning
self-motivated activity
capacity to communicate
self-awareness
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Social criterion
You’re a person whenever society recognizes you as a person, or whenever someone cares about you
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Gradient theory
Personhood comes in degrees, you can have more or less of it
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Reductive physicalism
The view that the world is made only of physical stuff, including us
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Substance dualism
The world is made of both physical stuff and mental stuff
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Internationalism
The theory that there are two entities, mind and body, each can have an effect on the other
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The mind body problem
How can my body have a separate entity called a mind lurking inside of it-controlling it, and being controlled by it
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Qualia
Instances of subjective, first person experience
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Epipenomenalism
Physical states can give rise to mental states, but mental states can’t affect physical states
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Question of the mind body problem
How can the mind act yet be dependent of the body?