periodontology ch 1-2 quiz

periodontium

• A functional system of tissues that surrounds teeth and attaches them to the jawbone

• attachment and supportive apparatus of teeth

the periodontium tissues consist of

• gingiva

• cementum

• periodontal ligament

• alveolar bone

free gingiva

• unattached portion that surrounds a tooth in the region of CEJ

• surrounds the tooth like a turtleneck

• attached by the junctional epithelium

• located coronal to the CEJ

attached gingiva

• the part of the gingiva that is tightly bound to the underlying cementum

• between the free gingiva and alveolar mucosa

• widest in the incisor and molar regions

• narrowest in premolar regions

• can be pigmented in some individuals

stippling

• if healthy, may have a dimpled appearance

• presence varies greatly from one individual to the next

interdental gingiva

• portion of the gingiva that fills the interdental space (embrasure) between 2 adjacent teeth just below the contact area

gingival col

• is a valley-like depression apical to the contact area of 2 adjacent teeth that connects facial and lingual papillae

• not visible

gingival sulcus

• the V-shaped shallow space between free gingiva and tooth surface

• base of sulcus is formed by junctional epithelium

Periodontal ligament

• layer of soft connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth and attaches it to the bone of the tooth socket

• rope-like collagen fibers that stretch across the space between cementum and alveolar bone of tooth socket

• rich supply of nerves and blood vessels

• provides support, sensation of pain, and tactile pressure

• embedded ends are known as Sharpey’s fibers

functions of PDL

1. supportive to maintain tooth in socket

2. sensory provides feelings like pressure and pain

3. nutritive by providing nutrients to cementum and bone

4. formative - builds and maintains cementum and alveolar bone of tooth socket

5. remodeling of alveolar bone in response to pressure

most prominent cell in PDL

• fibroblasts

root cementum

• attached to dentin but is softer than dentin or enamel

• thin layer of hard, mineralized connective tissue that covers the surface of the root

• continuously resorbs and repairs during lifetime

root cementum does not

• have its own blood or nutrient supply

• receives nutrients from the PDL

primary function of root cementum

• periodontal ligament attachment

sharpey fibers

• terminal ends of the PDL fibers that are anchored into the cementum on the tooth side and alveolar bone on the

layers of alveolar process

1. alveolar bone proper (cribiform plate that outlines took socket)

2. cortical bone (basement)

3. cancellous bone (spongy)

4. periosteum

Alveolar bone proper

• also known as cribiform plate that thinly lines the socket

cortical bone

• layer of compact bone that forms the outer wall on facial and lingual

cancellous bone

• spongy bone

• fills the interior portion of the alveolar process and is found mostly in the interproximal areas

periosteum

• layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bone in tooth socket (alveolus)

extracellular matrix

• serves as scaffolding for cells (holds together)

• provides transportation of nutrients, oxygen, and metabolites to the gingiva

Junctional epithelium is

• nonkeratinized

• more prone to damage and disease

junctional epithelium

• attaches to the tooth slightly coronal to the CEJ in healthy patients

• nonkeratinized

• easiest entry point for bacteria to invade into connective tissue

gingival connective tissue

• extracellular matrix produced by fibroblasts

• transportation of water, nutrients, oxygen, and metabolites to the gingiva occurs within this matrix

supragingival fibers

• nine different fiber bundles named after orientation and insertion

  • alveologingival

  • circular

  • dentogingival

  • periosteogingival

  • intergingival

  • intercircular

  • interpapillary

  • transgignival

  • transseptal

principal periodontal ligament fibers

• alveolar crest

• horizontal

• oblique

• apical

• interradicular

alveolar crest fibers

• 1st fibers to be formed before tooth eruption

• resists horizontal movements of tooth

horizontal fibers

• resists horizontal pressure against crown of tooth

oblique

• most numerous

• resists vertical pressure that threatens to drive root into its socket

apical fiber

• secures the tooth in its socket and resists forces that might lift tooth out of socket

interradicular fibers

• present only on multirooted teeth

• help stabilize the tooth in its socket

osteoblasts

• produce the bone matrix of collagen fibers and other protein fibers

• builders

osteoclasts

• cells that remove the mineral and organic matrix of bone

• caboom