ch. 9&10 stufy guide

How is the skull divided?

Cranial and facial bones

How many facial bones are there?

14

How many cranial bones are there?

8

What are the facial bones?

2 nasal bones, 2 maxillary bones, 2 zygomatic bones, 1 mandible bone( ONLY MOVEABLE BONE IN BODY) 2 palatine bones, 1 vomer, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 inferior nasal conchae

What are the cranial bones?

Frontal bone, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

What bone forms the roof and upper sides of cranium?

Paired (2) parietal bones

What bone form the anterior base of skull

Sphenoid bone

Frontal bone (1)

Forms forehead, part of cranium floor & most of roof of orbits

Occipital bone (1)

Forms back and base of cranium

Temporal bones (2)

Forms sides and base of cranium & contains external auditory meatus

Ethmoid bone (1)

Honey comb-like spaces , forms part of floor of cranium, orbit, and nasal cavity

Auditory ossicles

3 tiny bones located in each middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes)

What bones form the bridge of the nose

2 nasal bones, meets @ midline

What’s the only moveable facial bone?

Mandible

Zygomatic bone (2)

Forms prominence of cheeks and part of orbit

Maxillary (2)

Forms the upper jaw

Palatine bones (2)

Forms posterior part of hard palate & floor of nose NOT STRICTLY FACIAL BONES

Lacrimal bones (2)

Forms part of orbit at inner angle of eye

Vomer (1)

Forms the base for the nasal septum

Inferior conchae (2)

Forms part of interior of nose

What is the 1st phase in mouth opening and movement of the TMJ

Rotation (hinge like) condyle rotates within lower part of joint

What separates the Coronoid and condyloid processes?

Mandible notch , coronoid is anterior & condyle is posterior

Common cause of restricted mandibular movement?

TMJ disorders (trauma, infections , muscle issues)

What are the anterior neck muscles

Platysma, sternocleidomastoid , subclavius muscles

What are the lateral neck muscles ?

Anterior , middle, and posterior scalene muscles

What are the groups of muscles for mandibular movement

Masseter , temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid (chewing muscles )

Artery that supplies blood to the brain and eye

Internal carotid arteries

Artery that supplies the maxillary teeth

Superior Alveolar arteries

Cranial nerves originate from which area?

I, II originate from cerebellum, & III- XII from midbrain /pons / medulla of brainstem

Primary nerves that innervate the oral cavity

Maxillary and mandibular divisions of trigeminal nerve (v)

Nerves that innervate the maxillary 1st and 2nd premolar

Middle superior alveolar nerve (branch of the maxillary from trigeminal)

What is the largest sinus

Maxillary sinus

Only bone that is suspended (doesnt articulate)

Hyoid bone

Parietal bones articulate with _____ bones

Frontal , occipital, temporal, sphenoid

Bone that forms the posterior part of the hard palate and floor of the nose

Palatine bone

_____ is a hollow groove in bone

Sulcus

_____ is a deeper, pit-like depression in bone

Fossa

The site where bones come together to form a cartilaginous joint

Articulation

Foramina located on lingual surface of ramus

Mandibular foremen (allow passage of inferior alveolar nerves & blood vessels)

Where is the mastoid process located

Bony protuberance at base of skull , behind each ear

What is the anterior portion of the ramus

Coronoid process

What forms the TMJ

Articulation of mandible (condyle) & temporal bone (Mandibular fossa and articulate tubercle)

How does the lateral excursion (side to side) occur

Muscular action & joint mechanics, rotation & and translation of TMJ

How does trismus occur

Difficulty opening mouth, inflamed or injured jaw muscles and joints that stiffen

Buccinator function

Compress cheeks against teeth, draw corners of mouth laterally

Mentalis function

Elevates and protrudes the lower lip. It also wrinkles the skin over the chin

Digastric muscle location & function

in neck below the jaw, anterior & posterior bellies, connects to tendon to hyoid , depress mandible & elevate hyoid

What is the common carotid artery?

Major blood vessels in neck , supply oxygenated blood to head /face/ neck

What is the deep facial vein

Deep within face , originates from pterygoid plexus & travels forward (deep to masseter) connects to superficial vein

What arteries supplies maxillary posterior teeth?

Posterior superior alveolar artery

An infection of which paranasal sinus will damage vision ?

Erhmoid and sphenoid sinuses ( proximity to optic nerves & orbital structures)

What is cranial nerve (1)?

Olfactory (afferent , smell from nasal mucosa to brain ) originates in olfactory epi in nasal cavory)

What is the cranial nerve (II)

Optic (afferent, sight from retina through optic canal, originates in retina)

What is the cranial nerve (III)

Oculomotor (efferent , innervate small eye muscles, originates in midbrain in brain stem)

What is the cranial nerve (IV)

Trochlear (efferent , for one eye muscles originates from midbrain)

What is the cranial nerve (V)

Trigeminal (efferent for mastication muscles, afferent for teeth, tongue, oral cavity, skin of head, LARGEST, originates from brain stem in pons)

What is the cranial nerve (VI)

Abducens, (efferent , one muscle for eyeball , 1st to be affected by sinus infection , originates from abducens nucleus & brainstem in pons )

What is the cranial nerve (VII)

Facial (efferent for facial expression muscles, suprahyoid,lacrimal, sublingual salivary, afferent patch of skin behind ear & taste buds, originates from brain stem )

What is the cranial nerve (VIII)

Vestibulocochlear (afferent , hearing & balance , originates from brain stem)

What is the cranial nerve (IX)

Glossopharyngeal (efferent for pharyngeal muscles & parotid salivary, afferent for oropharynx & general sensation for tongue base, originate from medulla oblongata brain stem)

What is the cranial nerve (X)

Vagus (efferent for soft palate , pharynx, larynx, originates from brain stem , SIGNIFICANT TO DENTISTRY)

What is the cranial nerve (XI)

Accessory (efferent for trapezius & SCM , assists vagus nerve , originates from spinal root, significant to dentistry)

What is cranial nerve (XII)

Hypoglossal (efferent , intrinsic & extrinsic to tongue muscles, originates from medulla oblongata of brain stem