Cross Sectional Anatomy: Week 7

What blood vessel courses anterior to the aorta and posterior to the SMA:
LRV
LRA
RRV

LRV

The most echogenic portion of the kidney is/are:
cortex
sinus
medullary pyramids
parenchyma

Sinus

A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called a/an:
junctional parenchymal defect
dromedary hump
extrarenal pelvis
column of Bertin

Dromedary Hump

A renal sonogram is performed. The finding of hypoechoic areas adjacent to the renal sinus is most consistent with:
bifid renal pelvis
renal pyramid
column of Bertin
junctional parenchymal defect

Renal Pyramid

The kidneys are located in the:
peritoneal cavity
retroperitoneal cavity
perirenal cavity
perirenal space

retroperitoneal cavity

The left kidney is in contact with the:
spleen, pancreas and gallbladder
spleen, gallbladder and duodenum
pancreas, colon and porta hepatis
spleen, pancreas and splenic flexure

spleen, pancreas and splenic flexure

A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(n):
renal tumor
artifact from rib
IVC compression
junctional parenchymal defect

junctional parenchymal defect

The left renal vein courses:
posterior to the IVC
anterior to the IVC
anterior to the aorta
anterior to the superior mesenteric artery

anterior to the aorta

The vessel seen posterior to the IVC on the sagittal scan represents the:
right adrenal artery
right renal artery
left renal artery
left renal vein

right renal artery

Renal sonography is not helpful in evaluating:
obstructive uropathy
cyst formation
renal function
angiomyolipoma

Renal Function

All except which of the following statements about the kidneys are true:

the kidneys are intraperitoneal in location

the average adult kidneys measure approximately 9 to 12 cm

The kidney may move with respiration

the anteroposterior thickness of the normal adult kidneys is approximately 4 to 6 cm

the kidneys are intraperitoneal in location

A pelvic kidney has a(n):
abnormal appearance in a normal location
normal appearance in an abnormal location
normal appearance in a normal location
abnormal renal pelvis

normal appearance in an abnormal location

The length, depth, and diameter of a normal adult kidney are:
9 to 12 cm, 2.5 to 4 cm, and 4 to 6 cm, respectively.
8 to 10 cm, 1.5 to 3 cm, and 2 to 4 cm, respectively.
9 to 12 cm, 4 to 6 cm, and 2.5 to 4 cm, respectively.
none of these

9 to 12 cm, 2.5 to 4 cm, and 4 to 6 cm, respectively.

The length, depth, and diameter of a normal neonatal kidney are:
2 to 3 cm, 1.5 to 2.5 cm, and 3.3 to 5 cm, respectively.
4 to 6 cm, 2 to 2.5 cm, and 2 to 3 cm, respectively.
3.3 to 5 cm, 1.5 to 2.5 cm, and 2 to 3 cm, respectively.
none of these

3.3 to 5 cm, 1.5 to 2.5 cm, and 2 to 3 cm, respectively.

The adult ureter is ________ cm long.:
10 to 15
15 to 20
20 to 25
25 to 30

25-30

The kidneys are composed mainly of two distinct areas:
corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
parenchyma and sinus.
renal loops and medulla.
medullary and renal pyramids.

parenchyma and sinus.

What is the echogenicity of the renal capsule?

High level echoes

Medium level echoes

Low level echoes

High level echoes

What is the echogenicity of the renal cortex?

High level echoes

Medium level echoes

Low level echoes

Medium level echoes

What is the echogenicity of the renal pyramids?

High level echoes

Medium level echoes

Low level echoes

Low level echoes

What is the echogenicity of the renal sinus?

High level echoes

Medium level echoes

Low level echoes

High level echoes

What is the echogenicity of the urinary bladder wall?

High level echoes

Medium level echoes

Low level echoes

High level echoes

The adrenal gland is easily visualized sonographically in adults.
true
false

False

At birth, the adrenal glands are as large as the kidneys but then rapidly shrink.
true
false

False

The medullary pyramids are separated from each other by bands of cortical tissue called _______________.

columns of bertin

List and explain the laboratory values that help measure renal function.

BUN - used to asses renal function

Creatinine - used to assess renal function and to see if the kidneys are fully getting rid of waste