umit 6&5

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Supreme Court ruling that upheld segregation as legal under the doctrine of "separate but equal."

Impact of Plessy v. Ferguson

Legalized segregation in various public spaces, including schools and transportation.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Supreme Court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Significance of Brown v. Board of Education

Played a crucial role in ending segregation in schools and advancing civil rights.

Rosa Parks' contribution to the Civil Rights Movement

Her refusal to give up her bus seat in 1955 sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, galvanizing the Civil Rights Movement.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s role

A prominent civil rights leader who advocated for nonviolent protest and equality; known for his "I Have a Dream" speech; assassinated in 1968.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation that aimed to eliminate barriers preventing African Americans from voting.

Amendment Proposal Methods

1. 2/3 vote in both houses of Congress or 2. 2/3 of state legislatures request a national convention.

Amendment Ratification Methods

1. 3/4 of state legislatures or 2. 3/4 of state conventions.

1st Amendment

Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

2nd Amendment

Protects the right to bear arms.

3rd Amendment

Prohibits the quartering of soldiers without the owner's consent.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, ensuring the right to privacy.

5th Amendment

Guarantees the right to a fair trial, protection against double jeopardy, and self-incrimination.

Civil Rights

Equal rights and freedom for all citizens.

Responsibilities

Duties of citizens.

Segregation

Forced separation by race.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation.

Civil Disobedience

Peaceful refusal to follow unjust laws.

Boycott

Refusing to buy or use goods/services as protest.

Civic Engagement

Participation in improving the community/government.

Constitution

Supreme law of the land.

Amendment

Change to the Constitution.

Supreme Court

Highest court that interprets the Constitution.

Judicial Review

Court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Ratification

Approving amendments or laws.

Precedent

Prior court decisions that guide future rulings.