chapter 8 medical terminology

aer/o

air

an/o

anus

bar/o

pressure; weight

cheil/o, labi/o

lip

chol/e

bile; gall

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

col/o, colon/o

colon; large intestine

-eal

pertaining to

-emesis, emesis

vomiting

enter/o

intestine (usually small intestine)

eruct/o, eructat/o

belch; burp

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

hepat/o

liver

hiat/o

opening

ile/o

ileum (third part of small intestine)

inguin/o

groin

labi/o

lip

lith/o, -lith

stone; calculus

-lithiasis

condition of stones

obes/o

obese; extremely fat

occult/o

hidden; concealed

palat/o

palate (roof of mouth)

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eating; swallowing

plak/o, -plakia

plaque; patch

proct/o

rectum; anus

rect/o

rectum

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

stom/o, stomat/o

mouth; opening

varic/o

dilated vein

volv/o

twist; turn

xer/o

dry

aerophagia

swallowing air

anabolism

process of building up substances

anal fissure

small tear in anus

anastomosis

surgical connection between two structures

anorexia

loss of appetite

antacid

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

antidiarrheal

drug that stops diarrhea

antiemetic

drug that prevents vomiting

antioxidants

substances that protect cells from damage

canker sore, aphthous ulcer

small painful mouth ulcer

ascites

fluid buildup in abdomen

Barrett's esophagus

condition where esophagus lining changes from acid reflux

bariatrics

field of medicine dealing with obesity

body mass index (BMI)

measurement of body fat based on height and weight

bolus

mass of chewed food ready to swallow

borborygmus

stomach rumbling sound

bruxism

teeth grinding

cachexia

extreme weight loss and weakness

capsule endoscopy

test using swallowed camera capsule

catabolism

process of breaking down substances

celiac disease

autoimmune reaction to gluten

cheilitis, cheilosis

inflammation of lips

cholangiography

X-ray imaging of bile ducts

cholangitis

inflammation of bile ducts

cholecystitis

inflammation of gallbladder

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of gallbladder

cholelithiasis

gallstones

cirrhosis

chronic liver disease with scarring

cleft lip

birth defect causing split in lip

cleft palate

birth defect causing opening in roof of mouth

Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

bacterial infection causing severe diarrhea

colectomy

surgical removal of colon

colonoscopy

examination of colon using scope

colostomy

surgical opening from colon to body surface

constipation

infrequent or difficult bowel movements

Crohn's disease

chronic inflammatory bowel disease

defecation

elimination of feces

dental caries

tooth decay; cavities

dental implant

artificial tooth root placed in jaw

dental prophylaxis

professional cleaning of teeth

Odontogenesis

development and arrangement of teeth

diarrhea

frequent loose stools

diverticulitis

inflammation of diverticula

diverticulosis

presence of diverticula in colon

dysentery

severe diarrhea with blood

dyspepsia

indigestion

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

edentulous

lacking teeth

emesis

vomiting

emetic

substance that causes vomiting

enema

introduction of fluid into rectum

enteritis

inflammation of intestines

eosinophilic esophagitis

allergic inflammation of esophagus

eructation

belching

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

bacteria commonly found in intestines

esophageal varix

abnormally swollen vein in esophagus

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

examination of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

failure to thrive (FTT

poor growth in infants or children

fecal incontinence

inability to control bowel movements

fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)

transfer of healthy bacteria into colon

gallbladder (GB)

organ that stores bile

gastroduodenostomy

surgical connection between stomach and duodenum

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

stomach acid flowing back into esophagus

gastroparesis

slow stomach emptying

gastrostomy tube (G-tube)

feeding tube inserted into stomach

gingivitis

inflammation of gums

H2 receptor antagonist

drug that reduces stomach acid