BIO 142 EXAM 1 Ch. 18 Study Guide

Define arteries and veins.

Arteries: distribution system of vasculature. Veins: collection system of vasculature

Name the arteries from largest to smallest.

Elastic, Muscular, Arterioles, Venules, Veins

Name the major types of arteries and mention their structures and functions.

Elastic arteries: conduct blood under high pressure to organs. Muscular arteries: control blood flow to organs and regulate blood pressure. Arterioles: Control blood flow to tissues and feed capillary beds.

Name the three coats of blood vessels in order and briefly mention the structure of each.

Tunica intima: innermost, contains endothelium and elastic lamina. Tunica media: contains smooth muscle cells and external elastic lamina, responsible for constriction. Tunica externa (outermost): contains vasa vasora.

Explain the structure and function of capillaries.

Very small-diameter vessels; form branching networks (capillary beds). Exchange nutrients, gases, and blood through capillary walls.

Name the three types of capillaries and mention their characteristics.

Continuous capillaries: tight junctions, least leaky. Fenestrated capillaries: moderately leaky, contain fenestrations in the cells. Sinusoidal capillaries: very large pores, leakiest.

Mention differences in structure of arteries and veins.

Arteries have thick, muscular, and elastic walls and a narrow lumen to withstand high pressure. Veins have thinner, less muscular walls with a wider lumen.

Explain the vessels which make the blood reservoir.

Veins, they can be diverted from veins to other parts of system

Define filtration and reabsorption through the wall of capillaries.

Filtration is the movement of substances from blood to the interstitial fluid. Absorption is the movement of substances from interstitial fluid to the blood.

Define the pressures which help filtration (movement from blood to cell)

Blood hydrostatic pressure and Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Define the pressures which help reabsorption (movement from cell to blood)

Blood colloid osmotic pressure and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Define net filtration pressure and mention formula.

difference between osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure. NFP= (BHP+IFOP)- (BCOP-IFHP)

Define blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

Blood pressure: the force of blood pushing against your artery walls as your heart pumps it throughout your body. Systolic blood pressure: pressure during ventricular contraction. Diastolic blood pressure: pressure during ventricular relaxation.

Define vascular resistance and the factors that affect it.

The friction that blood faces as it flows through the blood vessels. Blood viscosity, vessel length, blood vessel radius

Name and explain the methods which help the venous return.

Respiratory pump, skeletal muscle pump, and veins that contain venous valves.

Explain how blood pressure is under control.

The endocrine system control blood pressure long-term by increasing or decreasing amount of body lost as urine.