APUSH - Period 1: 1491 to 1607

What was the importance of domesticating maize?

hunters-gatherers could partake in settled agriculture, they began to stay in one place

What were the Native Americans like in the Great Plains?

Their environment was dry so they continued hunting and gathering. Hunted bison and followed herds of animals

What were Natives like in the Southwest?

dealt with dry environments by creating complex irrigation systems to water their crops. they lived in villages of pueblos

What were Natives like in the Northwest?

fished in the pacific ocean for food

What were Natives in the east coast like?

relied on farming that supported a balance diet which allowed for a large population

What was the reason for Columbus' voyage in 1492?

to find a new trade route to Asia

What were the motives for European exploration and colonization in the New World?

God, gold, and glory

What were Columbus' goals once he reached the Americas?

to find gold and riches and to convert the Native people to Christianity

How did Columbus view the Natives?

he didn't see them as a threat

What was the goal of Columbus' second voyage?

explore and settle new lands

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

1494 - Allowed Portugal and Spain to expand without direct competition. Portugal was given the east of the line and Spain was given the west

How did Columbus treat the natives?

He enslaved them, but they died from diseases and forced labor to mine gold

What was the Columbian Exchange?

transfer of plants, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic from Europe and Africa to the Americas.

What are some things that Europe bring to the Americas?

horses, diseases, and wheat

How did the Europeans affect the Native population in the Americas?

90% of Native Americans died from European diseases

What are some things that the Americas transferred to Europe?

sugar, tobacco, chocolate, and potatos

What was the Encomiendas System?

Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with the labor of conquered non-Christian peoples

What was the Pueblo revolt?

1680 - Pueblo people rose up against the Spanish led by Popay and kill Spanish Priests, burned churches, and drove Spanish out

What was the Casta System?

racial hierarchy based on how much Spanish blood a person had

Who were mestizo people?

someone with Native American and European heritage

Who were mulatto people?

someone with African and European heritage

How was the English view of Native people different from the Spanish?

the English wanted to eradicate Native people from the land, and the Spanish wanted to bring the Natives into their beliefs

What was different between the European's and Native American's view on land ownership?

Europeans believed that land was owned by individuals and passed down by families. For Native Americans, land ownership was less defined and more temporary.

What was different between the European's and Native American's view on property and trade?

Europeans saw trading as a business transaction. Natives saw trade relationships were important and required gift giving and feasting to connect ties between tribes.

What was the difference between the gender roles in European and Native American Society?

In European societies, men were the heads of the household and were in charge of outdoor labor; women took care of the home and had relatively few rights. In Native American societies, men did the hunting; women did the farming and had greater freedom and influence.

How was religion different in European and Native American societies?

Native Americans believed that one creator made the world and that nature had spirits. Europeans believed that there could only be exclusive worship of God.

How did the Europeans feel about Native American's because of their differences?

Europeans saw Native Americans as uncivilized.

What were benefits that Native Americans received form Europeans?

metal tools for cooking, farming and hunting, guns for war, and horses for transportation.

What were benefits that Europeans received from Native Americans?

furs hunted by Native Americans and creating allies for war.