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Allele
A form of a gene, often represented by a letter.
Dominant Allele
An allele that shows its effect even when only one copy is present; represented by a capital letter.
Recessive Allele
An allele that only shows its effect when two copies are present; usually represented by a lowercase letter.
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by letters (e.g., HH, Hh, hh).
Phenotype
The physical traits of an organism, determined by its genotype.
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., HH or hh).
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Hh).
Monohybrid Cross
A genetic cross that involves one trait; represented using a Punnett square.
Punnett Square
A diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
Phenotype Ratio
The ratio of different physical traits in the offspring (e.g., 3 with hair: 1 hairless).
Genotype Ratio
The ratio of different genetic makeups in the offspring (e.g., 1 HH: 2 Hh: 1 hh).
Note 
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