🎤 SPEECH CLASS FLASHCARDS

Delivery Techniques

Methods used to enhance speech presentation, including vocal variety, body language, and eye contact.

Source

A place where you get reliable information (website, book, person).

Verbal Citation Requirement

At least 2 sources must be verbally cited in a speech.

Common phrase before citing a source

'According to…' is commonly used before citing a source.

Citing a source but not on Works Cited

Doing so is considered plagiarism ⚠.

Works Cited format

MLA format is required for Works Cited.

Three MLA rules

No bold, no underline, double spaced, 12pt Times New Roman, alphabetized.

MLA date format

Day Month Year (e.g., 6 Sept. 2025).

Supporting Materials

Materials that make ideas clear or persuasive.

Verbatim

Word-for-word quoting.

Paraphrasing

Restating in your own words without changing meaning.

Changing meaning while paraphrasing

Doing so is also considered plagiarism ⚠.

When to use verbatim

Use it when the statement is powerful OR controversial.

Example

A real situation used to support a point.

Hypothetical Example

A made-up scenario to illustrate a point.

Audience Analysis

Collecting info about audience characteristics, values, and attitudes.

When to perform audience analysis

Audience analysis should be done BEFORE writing your speech.

Demographics

Basic facts such as age, gender, and education.

Psychographics

Beliefs, values, and opinions of the audience.

Example of a psychographic question

'Do they agree with my topic?'.

Contiguous Audience

An in-person audience.

Media Audience

An audience reached through TV or internet.

Common Ground

A shared connection between the speaker and the audience.

Hearing

The passive process of sound entering the ears.

Listening

The active process of understanding and responding to sound.

Other-oriented

Focusing on others, not yourself.

Examples of responding

Eye contact, nodding, posture, and asking questions.

External Barrier

Obstacles such as noise, overload, or complexity.

Internal Barrier

Obstacles such as preoccupation, prejudgment, or lack of effort.

Pseudo Listening

Pretending to listen.

Monopolizing

Making the conversation primarily about yourself.

Example of monopolizing behavior

Interrupting or rerouting the conversation.