Antibiotics - week 1

Week 1

what do antibiotics destroy

they destroy sensitive bacteria

t/f: you can stop taking abx when you start to feel better

false: you must finish the med to prevent getting superinfections

what abx ‘bump the pill’

penicillins, tetracyclines and cephalosporins

why is it not okay to have alcohol while on abx?

alcohol and abx are both hard on the liver

what abx do you not take with food?

macrolides, tetracyclines and fluroquinolones

what abx are photosensitive?

floroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides

what are s/s of ototoxicity?

vertigo and tinnitus

what signs must be reported immediately that pertain to nephrotoxicity?

Creatinine over 1.3. BUN over 20. Urine output under 30ml/hr

T/F: the abx with the suffix -mycin, -thromycin and -floxacin are all toxic to the kidneys and ears

false: only the abx with the suffix -mycin/micin (glycopeptides and aminoglycosides)

what classes of abx don’t work against ESBL?

penicillin and cephalosporins

what classes of abx don’t work against MRSA?

fluoroquinolones, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines

what is a multidrug-resistant organism

when an organism is resistant to more than one drug

what tests have to be done first before before abx is given

a culture and sensitivity tests

what can overprescribing abx lead to

abx resistant organisms (superbugs)

what are some s/s of superinfections (4)

diarrhea, bladder pain and painful urination, abnormal vaginal discharge, red rash w satellite lesions

what % of vancomycin class abx will you loose when taking with calcium

90%

how long does it take before abx start to take effect

48hr

what class of abx is used to treat resistant infections ?

vancomycin

what are the must know side effects of vancomycin?

red man’s syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

what is red man’s syndrome due to, and how can it be prevented?

it is due to the med being delivered too quickly via IV and it is prevented by the medication being delivered over at least one hour

t/f: the trough should be measured after administering the next dose

false: it should be measured before administering the next dose

what is the suffix of penicillin abx

-cillin

what is the prefix for cephalosporin abx?

ceph/cef

t/f penicillin and cephalosporin abx are cross sensitive

true

t/f you can mix cephalosporins and penicillin

false - this is due to the similarity structurally and chemically

t/f: you can mix most abx

true

due to the common side effect of bleeding with penicillins, what needs to be monitored?

the platelet count

what abx (2) do you have to check the peaks and troughs 15-30 minutes before the next dose

glycopeptides and aminoglycosides

at what point (blood serum level) do you report and hold vancomycin?

if the levels are over 20

what is the difference between red man’s syndrome and anaphylaxis?

anaphylaxis has hives, edema and wheezing

what abx class not cause N/V

vancomycin

t/f you need to stop the infusion on aminoglycosides if muscle aches and cramping occurs

false: this is a normal side effect, but make sure to monitor for resp. paralysis

what is the suffix for macrolides

-thromycin

what abx classes (2) can lead to prolonged QT intervals?

macrolides and fluroquinolones

what are s/s of hepatotoxicity? (4 s/s)

unusual bruising, jaundice, grey stool and pain in the RUQ

what abx (2) cause a metalic taste in the mouth?

macrolides and nitroimidazole

what is the suffix for tetracyclines?

-cycline

why are tetracyclines not given to pt under 8yrs?

will cause permanent damage to their teeth

what is the main indication for tetracyclines?

acne

how long do you have to sit up for after taking tetracyclines?

30 minutes. This is to avoid esophagitis which can lead to scarring of the esophagus

what minerals should be avoided when on tetracyclines?

calcium and iron

what abx class is used to treat C-diff?

nitroimidazole

t/f it is normal to have rust coloured urine while on nitroimidazole and there is no need to report it to a doctor

true

What are some deadly side effects that can occur with nitroimidazole?

SJS and swelling in the brain

what are the s/s of SJS?

new rash or skin peeling

what abx class can cause teratogenic effects?

sulfonamides

what needs blood levels need to be monitored while a pt is on sulfonamides? why?

WBC and platelet levels. This is because the abx can cause agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia.

what is the prefix for sulfonamides?

sulf -

what is a adverse effect specific to fluoroquinolones?

can cause tendon rupture

what is the suffix for fluoroquinolones?

-floxacin

what abx classes (2) can cause hepatotoxicity?

fluoroquinolones and macrolides

what abx classes (2) can cause CNS disturbances/confusion

fluoroquinolones and vancomycin

when is the carbapenem abx class used?

for drug resistant infections