Unit 4 AOS 1 (part 2)

Sustainablity

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Dimensions of sustainability

Economic sustainability

Social sustainability

Environmental sustainability

Economic sustainability

ensures average incomes in countries are adequate for a decent standard of living (and continue to rise in line with inflation and costs of living within the future)

Dimensions of economic sustainability (have to know how each affect health and wellbeing- make it up)

Innovation and diversity of industries

Employment

Economic growth

Trade

Innovation and diversity of industries

countries require a range of industries to promote economic growth

e.g. low-income countries rely on agriculture which is reliant on weather patterns

Employment

adequate employment opportunities promote economic sustainability as ppl can earn an income, avoid poverty and contribute to their countries’ economy

Economic growth

growth in GNI per capita is needed for economic sustainability to counter inflation and ensure Governments can continue to provide services

Trade

trade between countries increases income to grow a countries’ economy

Social sustainability

creating an adequate society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained

Dimensions of social sustainability (have to know how each affect health and wellbeing- make it up)

Elimination of poverty and the provision of social protection systems

Gender equality

Access to safe and decent working conditions

Promotion of political and legal rights

Peace and security

Elimination of poverty and provision of social protection systems

support for vulnerable people by providing resources such as housing, food and healthcare

Gender equality

elimination of discrimination and violence against women and girls

Access to safe and decent working conditions

ensures all people can access meaningful employment

Promotion of political and legal rights

opportunities must be equitable for all people

Peace and security

peaceful environments promote optimal health

Environmental sustainability

ensures the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future

Dimensions of environmental sustainability (have to know how each affect health and wellbeing- make it up)

Biodiversity

Use of natural resources

Waste removal and pollution

Climate change

Biodiversity

the variety of all forms of life and the ecosystems they form

Use of natural resources

The use of renewable or non-renewable natural resources

Waste removal and production

maintaining clean ecosystems maintains environmental sustainability

Climate change

changes in climate affect weather patterns such as rainfall and drought

Interrelating dimensions of sustainability

Dimension 1

Dimension 2

Back to dimension 1

e.g.

Human development

creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests

Breaking down human development (into ‘buzz words’ you must mention)

- lead long and healthy lives

- lead productive and creative lives according to their needs and wants

- have access to knowledge and expand their choices and capabilities

- have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living'

- participation in the life of the community

- participation in the decisions that affect their lives

Human development index (HDI)

an index that estimates the level of human development experienced in different counties

Dimensions and indicators used to calculate HDI

A long and healthy life (dimension)

• life expectancy at birth (indicator)

Knowledge

• mean years of schooling

• expected years of schooling

A decent standard of living

• Gross national income per capita

HDI is a number between…

0 and 1

e.g. 0.99 indicates very high human development

Levels of human development in countries

Very high human development

High human development

Medium human development

Low human development

Strengths of the HDI

- takes into account more than just average income

- provides indication of opportunities for education

- average income reflects ability to access resources

- it is a statistic that can be used to compare human development of different countries

- HDI has captured attention of media, raising awareness which helps ppl question and revise policy choices

Limitations of the HDI

- only reflects certain aspects of human development

- based on averages so doesn’t show inequalities within a country

- people’s feelings about their lives and issues are not reflected

- comparison within countries is difficult as data is collected at a national level ??

Global trends in health and wellbeing

Climate change

Conflict and mass migration

Increased world trade and tourism

Digital technologies that enable increased knowledge sharing

Climate change definition

Long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns

Greenhouse gas definition

Gas caused by the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil) that traps heat from the sun, causing global warming

Impacts of global warming

Rising sea levels

Changing weather patterns and extreme weather events

Causes of rising sea levels

- Expansion of water as it warms

- Melting of glaciers and icebergs

Impacts of rising sea levels (and how impact HWB)

- Relocation of people in coastal areas

- Reduction in the availability of fresh water

- Reduced availability of food

- Changes in biodiversity

Relocation of people in coastal areas

People in coastal areas can lose houses and farms due to flooding

Reduction in the availability of fresh water

As sea levels rise, salt water seeps into underground fresh water sources

Reduced availability of food

Salt water can kill plants and animals

Increased temperature of water makes it more acidic which can kill sea creatures

Changes in biodiversity

Increased salt in soil can prevent growth of plants

Flooding of coastal areas can destroy habitats of animals (that use beach for nesting)

Impacts of changing weather patterns and extreme weather events (and how impact HWB)

- More infectious diseases

- Increased BOD from CVD and asthma

- Increased homelessness

- Less food and increased hunger and malnutrition

- Less access to fresh water

More infectious diseases

Humid weather produces more mosquitos that spread communicable disease like Malaria

Floods pollute water systems that spreads communicable disease like diarrhoea

Increased BOD from CVD and asthma

Pollen levels can increase due to increased heat

Increased homelessness

Natural disasters can destroy homes that cannot be rebuilt

(reduced community belonging and increased risk of injury and violence)

Less food and increased hunger and malnutrition

Temperature and rainfall can destroy crops or prevent growth

Less access to fresh water

Flood water can contaminate water sources

(spreading communicable diseases like diarrhoea)

Mass migration definition (and how impacts HWB)

refers to movement of large groups of people from one area to another

Refugees

People who flee to another country with very little possessions

Asylum-seekers

People who flee to another country but their request for protection is not processed yet (stay in camps)

Internally displaced persons

People forced to leave their home but have not fled to another country

Stateless persons

People who do not have citizenship in any country

World trade definition

the exchange of goods and services between countries

Positive impacts of world trade

- people can earn higher incomes (reduces poverty)

- it creates job opportunities

- people have access to more goods and services like healthcare or education

- promotes gender equality

Negative impacts of world trade

- creates poor working conditions

- incorrect disposal of waste, negatively impacting the environment

- child labour

Positives of tourism in low and middle-income countries

- promotes economic growth - higher incomes

- preserves and promotes culture and religion (can reduce racism)

- contributes to employment

Negatives of tourism in low and middle-income countries

- overcrowding and strain on infrastructure such as sanitation

- damaged ecosystems (can impact on food or resource production)

- spread of infectious diseases

Examples of digital technologies

Internet

Digital media

Mobile phones

Telehealth

Social media networks

Advantages of digital technologies

- access to health information to improve health literacy

- creates employment

- communication with other countries and poeple

- services can be provided online (Telehealth, therapy)

- access to information about health emergencies (natural disasters, disease outbreaks)

Disadvantages of digital technologies

- risk of safety and privacy online especially of childrem

- online bullying or threats