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Sustainablity
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Dimensions of sustainability
Economic sustainability
Social sustainability
Environmental sustainability
Economic sustainability
ensures average incomes in countries are adequate for a decent standard of living (and continue to rise in line with inflation and costs of living within the future)
Dimensions of economic sustainability (have to know how each affect health and wellbeing- make it up)
Innovation and diversity of industries
Employment
Economic growth
Trade
Innovation and diversity of industries
countries require a range of industries to promote economic growth
e.g. low-income countries rely on agriculture which is reliant on weather patterns
Employment
adequate employment opportunities promote economic sustainability as ppl can earn an income, avoid poverty and contribute to their countriesâ economy
Economic growth
growth in GNI per capita is needed for economic sustainability to counter inflation and ensure Governments can continue to provide services
Trade
trade between countries increases income to grow a countriesâ economy
Social sustainability
creating an adequate society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained
Dimensions of social sustainability (have to know how each affect health and wellbeing- make it up)
Elimination of poverty and the provision of social protection systems
Gender equality
Access to safe and decent working conditions
Promotion of political and legal rights
Peace and security
Elimination of poverty and provision of social protection systems
support for vulnerable people by providing resources such as housing, food and healthcare
Gender equality
elimination of discrimination and violence against women and girls
Access to safe and decent working conditions
ensures all people can access meaningful employment
Promotion of political and legal rights
opportunities must be equitable for all people
Peace and security
peaceful environments promote optimal health
Environmental sustainability
ensures the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future
Dimensions of environmental sustainability (have to know how each affect health and wellbeing- make it up)
Biodiversity
Use of natural resources
Waste removal and pollution
Climate change
Biodiversity
the variety of all forms of life and the ecosystems they form
Use of natural resources
The use of renewable or non-renewable natural resources
Waste removal and production
maintaining clean ecosystems maintains environmental sustainability
Climate change
changes in climate affect weather patterns such as rainfall and drought
Interrelating dimensions of sustainability
Dimension 1
Dimension 2
Back to dimension 1
e.g.
Human development
creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests
Breaking down human development (into âbuzz wordsâ you must mention)
- lead long and healthy lives
- lead productive and creative lives according to their needs and wants
- have access to knowledge and expand their choices and capabilities
- have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living'
- participation in the life of the community
- participation in the decisions that affect their lives
Human development index (HDI)
an index that estimates the level of human development experienced in different counties
Dimensions and indicators used to calculate HDI
A long and healthy life (dimension)
life expectancy at birth (indicator)
Knowledge
mean years of schooling
expected years of schooling
A decent standard of living
Gross national income per capita
HDI is a number betweenâŚ
0 and 1
e.g. 0.99 indicates very high human development
Levels of human development in countries
Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development
Strengths of the HDI
- takes into account more than just average income
- provides indication of opportunities for education
- average income reflects ability to access resources
- it is a statistic that can be used to compare human development of different countries
- HDI has captured attention of media, raising awareness which helps ppl question and revise policy choices
Limitations of the HDI
- only reflects certain aspects of human development
- based on averages so doesnât show inequalities within a country
- peopleâs feelings about their lives and issues are not reflected
- comparison within countries is difficult as data is collected at a national level ??
Global trends in health and wellbeing
Climate change
Conflict and mass migration
Increased world trade and tourism
Digital technologies that enable increased knowledge sharing
Climate change definition
Long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns
Greenhouse gas definition
Gas caused by the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil) that traps heat from the sun, causing global warming
Impacts of global warming
Rising sea levels
Changing weather patterns and extreme weather events
Causes of rising sea levels
- Expansion of water as it warms
- Melting of glaciers and icebergs
Impacts of rising sea levels (and how impact HWB)
- Relocation of people in coastal areas
- Reduction in the availability of fresh water
- Reduced availability of food
- Changes in biodiversity
Relocation of people in coastal areas
People in coastal areas can lose houses and farms due to flooding
Reduction in the availability of fresh water
As sea levels rise, salt water seeps into underground fresh water sources
Reduced availability of food
Salt water can kill plants and animals
Increased temperature of water makes it more acidic which can kill sea creatures
Changes in biodiversity
Increased salt in soil can prevent growth of plants
Flooding of coastal areas can destroy habitats of animals (that use beach for nesting)
Impacts of changing weather patterns and extreme weather events (and how impact HWB)
- More infectious diseases
- Increased BOD from CVD and asthma
- Increased homelessness
- Less food and increased hunger and malnutrition
- Less access to fresh water
More infectious diseases
Humid weather produces more mosquitos that spread communicable disease like Malaria
Floods pollute water systems that spreads communicable disease like diarrhoea
Increased BOD from CVD and asthma
Pollen levels can increase due to increased heat
Increased homelessness
Natural disasters can destroy homes that cannot be rebuilt
(reduced community belonging and increased risk of injury and violence)
Less food and increased hunger and malnutrition
Temperature and rainfall can destroy crops or prevent growth
Less access to fresh water
Flood water can contaminate water sources
(spreading communicable diseases like diarrhoea)
Mass migration definition (and how impacts HWB)
refers to movement of large groups of people from one area to another
Refugees
People who flee to another country with very little possessions
Asylum-seekers
People who flee to another country but their request for protection is not processed yet (stay in camps)
Internally displaced persons
People forced to leave their home but have not fled to another country
Stateless persons
People who do not have citizenship in any country
World trade definition
the exchange of goods and services between countries
Positive impacts of world trade
- people can earn higher incomes (reduces poverty)
- it creates job opportunities
- people have access to more goods and services like healthcare or education
- promotes gender equality
Negative impacts of world trade
- creates poor working conditions
- incorrect disposal of waste, negatively impacting the environment
- child labour
Positives of tourism in low and middle-income countries
- promotes economic growth - higher incomes
- preserves and promotes culture and religion (can reduce racism)
- contributes to employment
Negatives of tourism in low and middle-income countries
- overcrowding and strain on infrastructure such as sanitation
- damaged ecosystems (can impact on food or resource production)
- spread of infectious diseases
Examples of digital technologies
Internet
Digital media
Mobile phones
Telehealth
Social media networks
Advantages of digital technologies
- access to health information to improve health literacy
- creates employment
- communication with other countries and poeple
- services can be provided online (Telehealth, therapy)
- access to information about health emergencies (natural disasters, disease outbreaks)
Disadvantages of digital technologies
- risk of safety and privacy online especially of childrem
- online bullying or threats
Note 
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