behaviorism and cognitive

behaviorism

a cause and effect account of why people engage in consistent behavior patterns

social learning theory

included non-observeable concepts

social learning and cognitive theory

conditioning and internal events (behavior - environment - behavior interaactions)

self regulation

goes beyond external reinforcement and punishment

daily actions are controlled by this

bandura and reciprocal determinism

external factors and internal factors and behavior

observational learning

observing other people

reading

hearing about other people's actions

vicarious observational learning

aggression four step model

attend, remember, enact, expect

outcome expectation

the extent to which people believe their actions will lead to a certain outcome

efficacy expectation

extent people believe they can bring about the outcome

generalized expectations

situations that we encounter for the first time but have an expectation of the outcome

two variables that lead to potential

expectancy

reinforcement value

locus of control

internal vs. external

deterministic

behavior can't be changed

classical conditioning

neurotic paradox

when extinction doesn't undo an association/learning

explanation- fear established from classical conditioning, operant conditioning sets in and maintains it

classical conditioning

begins with an existing stimulus-response bond

automatic and reflexive

repeated pairings with a neutral stimulus results in association

operant conditioning

begins with behaviors the person performs spontaneously

what did skinner think was better

operant conditioning

positive reinforcements

increasing a behavior by administering a reward

negative reinforcement

increasing a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when a behavior occurs

punishment

decreasing a behavior by administering an aversive stimulus following a behavior or by removing a positive stimulus

extinction

decreasing a behavior by not rewarding it

effects of punishment

does not teach the desired behavior

must be delivered immediately and consistently

negative feelings associated with the punisher

punishment can temporarily suppress behavior

discrimination

differing behaviors between rewarded and non-rewarded situations

shaping

method of successive approximations

teach complex behaviors

social-cognitive theory

bandura- behaviorism with a cognitive approach

not passive recipients of environmental stimuli

cognitive theory

differences in personality are based on differences in the ways we process information

situation and experience

george kelley

man-the-scientist

people generate and test hypotheses about the world

use template matching

personal constructs

structures we use to predict and interpret experiences

bipolar manner

why do people suffer according to kelley

defects in construct systems

what comes from a lack of predictability and faulty constructs

anxiety

depression

remember sad experiences more easily

tend to generate one negative thought after another

focus on the negative aaspects of experience/situations

depressive cognitive triad

negative thoughts about themselves

pessimistic about the future

interpret ongoing experiences in a negative manner

what are the cause of mood disorders and self defeating behaviors

inappropriate thoughts

what kind of a relationship do cognitive therapists have with their clients

collaborative

source of learning

6 aspects of cbt/rebt

direction of session activity/agenda/manual

teaching of skills used by patients to cope with symptoms

emphasis on current and future experiences

an intrapersonal cognitive focus

psychoeducation

homework and outside of session activities

RET model

A- activating experience

B- Irrational Belief

C- Emotional Consequence

goals of RET

identify influence of irrational beliefs

replace irrational beliefs with rational ones

schemas

cognitive structures that help us perceive, organize, process, and use information

possible selves

cognitive representation of who we might become some day

function of possible selves

incentives for future behavior

interpret the meaning of our own behavior and life events

self discrepancies

AS- actual self

IS- ideal self

OS- ought self