objective questions

Ananimal that relies on external sources to warm their body can be referred to as

ectotherms.

Insulin, glucagon, homeostasis

Our body maintains blood glucoseeven after consuming a large carbohydrate-rich meal.'Circle all the correct terms associated with the statement

Hydrostatic, longitudinal muscles

. Nematodes moveby flexing their body; what type of muscle and skeleton do they possess?

Circle all the correct options concerning thyroid hormone regulation.

Hypothalamus-detector, Anterior pituitary gland-regulator, thyroid gland effector

Vasoconstriction, vasodilation, Sweating

The integumentary system coversthe external surface of the body in man, and it plays an important role in thermoregulation. Select all correct options that pertain to skin thermoregulation

Two body systems work together to remove waste materials from the body. Whatare these two systems?

Circulatory and excretory

This skeletal system does not grow with the animal and has to be shed periodically

chitinous exoskeleton in arthropods

Fore limbs & hind limbs, Pelvic girdle & pectoral girdle

What are the parts of the appendicular skeleton? Circle all correct options

Bask in the sun, Orient perpendicular to sun rays, Darken skin color while basking

Circle allcorrect options by which ectothermsgain body heat

The suckling action of the infant produces prolactin hormone, which leads to milk more suckling leads to more production; prolactin and, in turn, more lactation. This is an example of

Positive feedback mechanism

When blood volume and pressure fall due to excessive perspiration, diarrhea, or sodium ion concentration increases due to eating salty snacks or other diseases, the hypothalamus sends a strong message that makes a person feel thirsty. This is an example of

osmoregulation

skeletal system

What system does the muscular system work in conjunction to bring about body

Éliminate dilute urine, Absorb salt through cells in the gills, digestive organs, kidneys.

As part of osmoregulation, freshwater fish perform these activities. Circle all the correct options.

Temperature regulation

Which of these is not a function of kidneys?

isoosmotic

Marine protozoa, poriferas, and cnidaria maintain their body fluid concentration same as the the environment: such animals are

Circle all the ways by which mammals gain body heat.

Basal metabolism, Muscle activity, Food digestion, Hair erector muscle contraction

decrease levels of blood glucose

The pancreas of a person with Type I diabetes produces little insulin. People with this condition must get insulin injections to

A basketball player sweats while playing a game. Sweating primarily assists in

thermoregulation

Unique structures formed by the human skin

nails, sebaceous glands, hair, sweat glands

the greatest amount of filtrate gets reabsorbed from what part of the nephron?

proximal convoluted tubule

related to bone tissue

haverisan canal system, collagen fibers, calcium phosphate

chitinous cuticle, cleidoic egg, utilization of water from metabolism and food, drinking water

water conservation strategies adopted by terrestrial animals

A person develops an elevated body temperature from a bacterial infection. This is a response of the body to

fight infection

ball and socket joints

hip joint, shoulder joint

involuntary, striated, branched cylinders

Cardiac muscles

Larger animals are found in cold climates.

Bergman's rule

Regulation of water and temperature of our body

Hypothalamus

Animals have shorter extremities in colder climates

Allen's Rule

Reptile

Basking heliotherms

Stiffness of muscles in death

rigor mortis

Drains urine into renal pelvis

Major & minor calyces

Antagonistic muscles

Retractor & Protractor Muscles

Sponge skeleton

Spongin fiber and spicules

Heat loss from body

Convection and evaporation

Summer dormancy in animals

aestivation

true

Eliminating uric acid is a means of water conservation in animals.

duodenum, jejenum, ileum

List the regions of the small intestine in the correct order from first to last

true

Trapping air over the skin between raised hairs prevents heat loss from the body by convection

Which structure covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing?

epiglottis

Protozoa and sponges undertake ____ type of digestion

intracellular

mouth and anus, foregut, midgut, hindgut

A complete digestive system contains the following

Nematoda

What group of animals given below have an incomplete digestive system

Human dentition is diphyodont, meaning

They replace teeth two times during their lifetime

the esophagus from the trachea

The secondary palate separates

gastric juice entering the esophagus and causing damage

Heartburn is a result of

pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, mucus

Gastric juice is composed of

The hormones that control the digestion process in men are

secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, enterogastrone

cell membrane

Digestion is the process by which chunks of food are broken into molecules small enough to pass through a

Peristalsis is

the rhythmic, waves of contraction in a canal that push the substance

flagellated choanocyte cell

Water is circulated through the sponge body by the action of

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

List the regions of the small intestine in the correct order from first to last

The evolution of the respiratory a. system in animals involved the following changes

increase surface area of absorption, membranes across which gases diffuse became thinner, increased concentration gradient of gases

______ cells assist in blood clotting.

Thrombocytes or blood platelets.

Why do animals respire?

to generate energy

the functions of the blood-vascular system

regulate body functions by transporting hormones, protect the body against pathogens, transport nutrients and waste materials

Substances that break molecules of food into smaller, different molecules are called

enzymes

mouth and stomach

In what organ(s) do mechanical digestion occur?

An Oxygen molecule diffuses directly from the air in an alveolus to hemoglobin in a red blood cell. What is the minimum number of cell surface membranes this molecule must pass through?

3

What blood type does a person with anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their blood have?

Type O

low pH, high carbon dioxide

Select all the factors that decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

maximum amount of air that one can expire after a forceful inspiration.

Vital capacity refers to

sickle cell anemia

Gene mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin structure leads to a disorder called

pyloric sphincter

_____ structure controls the movement of partially digested food from the stomach into the duodenum

capillaries

Blood vessels that are the smallest, whose wall is made of only the tunica intima, which transports both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, across which exchange of materials takes place is called

4

Hemoglobin can transport a maximum of ______ no. of oxygen molecule

Which of the following respiratory structures in animals are not correctly matched

skin- reptiles

Essential nutrients are substances that must be obtained through food intake

true

Including undigestible regular fibers in your diet ís important because fibers are not digested and allow bowel movement

true

true

The process of respiration is both voluntary and involuntary

false

The pressure on artery wall is highest during ventricular diastole and lowest during ventricular systole

false

The digested nutrients from the small intestine, including fats, are transported by blood to the liver for process

Only deoxygenated blood passes through the fish's heart.

true

Food fermentation in the ceca is inefficient, so some animals eat their feces to maximize nutrient absorption

true