ANSC-2-MIDTERMS-REVIEWER

Gallus varius

- Javanese black /green jungle fowl* The domesticated fowl has been domesticated since about 2, 000 BC and still has been subjected to extensive breeding for size, color patterns, conformation, and certain economic traits.

GPS

obtained from a long series of Inbreeding to produce a pure inbred or family line 2.

PS

the product of crossing inbred line or family 3.

CS

he produce of crossing 4 inbred lines.

Wild animals

are hunted for food and skin The early humans began to confine and breed animals.

Monitor Type

- appropriate for which big houses need better air circulation.

Gallus varius

Javanese black/green jungle fowl *The domesticated fowl has been domesticated since about 2,000 BC and still has been subjected to extensive breeding for size, color patterns, conformation, and certain economic traits

3-way Cross (Triple Crossing)

involves three generation scheme of breeding 1

GPS (Grand Parental Stocks)

obtained from a long series of Inbreeding to produce a pure inbred or family line 2

PS (Parental Stocks)

the product of crossing inbred line or family 3

CS (Commercial Stock)

the produce of crossing 4 inbred lines

Mass/Flock Mating

mating of large numbers of birds

1.5 – 1.8 kgs

Normal Marketable Weight

70 – 75%

Dressing Percentage

Domestication

- Latin word “Domesticus”- “of the home” - Taming of a population of organisms in order to accentuate traits that are desirable - To adapt the behavior of the animal to fit the needs of people

Swine

- Neolithic Age (25,000 years ago)

Cattle

- Neolithic Age (18,000 years ago)

Goat

Neolithic Age

Horses

3000 BC in Persia

Poultry

- 2,000 BC in India, China, and Egypt

Living and freely reproducing

Under the care of man

For economic advantage

Domestication Concept

Ethology

study of animal behavior in the animals’ natural habitat

Konrad Lorenz

considered to be the founder of ethology

Imprinting

- rapid and irreversible learning that occurs within few hours or days after birth

Food, Ornamentals and Clothing, Sports and Recreation, Stabilize Farm Economy, By products, Conserve Soil and Soil Fertility

Services to man

Poultry

A term that includes all domesticated birds which render economic services to man

Ornithology

the science that deals with the study of birds

Dr. Francisco M. Fronda

Graduated from the University of the Philippines College of Agriculture in 1919 - His field of specialization was Animal Husbandry - “the Father of Poultry Science”

Chicken

are probably the most numerous domestic birds in the world

Gallus

Genus of Chicken

Phasianidae

Family of Chicken

Aves

Class of Chicken

Pullet

Chicken that is about to lay eggs

Gallus bankiva

red jungle fowl of Asia

Gallus sonnerati

- gray jungle fowl

Gallus lafayetti

Ceylonese/Sri Lankan jungle fowl

Gallus varius

Javanese black/green jungle fow

Sabong

- A Sport and Industry Filipinos can be proud of - Even before the Spaniards came, our forefathers were already fighting roosters

Breeder Layer Broiler Hatchery

Specialized Fields in Poultry

Flight Cover Semi Filoplumes Downy Feathers Filoplumes

Types of feathers

Breed

Distinguishing traits of breeds of poultry species are plumage color and pattern, comb type, and body size

Egg Meat General Purpose Fancy Fighting

Utility Classification

Egg Type

characterized by their comparatively small size - lay large, white shelled eggs - very active and nervous in temperament - non-sitters - examples: Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas, Mikawa

Meat Type

large, slow in movement, quiet & gentle in disposition - generally poorer egg layers - lay brown shelled eggs - examples: Brahmas, Cochin, Langshans, Cornish, White Rocks

General Purpose Type

- medium sized good layers - the young are fast growers - not as nervous as the egg class but more active than the meat class - examples: New Hampshire, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth Rock, Lancaster, Nagoya, Cantonese

Fancy Type

- possessing decided beauty of plumage or form of having a rare unusual appearance - raised chiefly as ornamentals or pets - examples: Frizzle, Bantams, Long Tailed

Fighting Class

developed by national and international aficionados in this game - examples: Ruble, Hulsay, Claret, Oasis

American Class

Origin – America

bred for egg and meat - considered as brown egg layers with yellow skin - examples: Wyandottes, New Hampshire, Rhode Island red, Lancaster

Asiatic Class

Origin: Asia - with yellow skin, large bodies which are squarely shaped - examples: Brahmas, Cochin, Langshang, Cantonese, Nagoya

Mediterranean Class

- Origin – Europe - smaller than American and Asiatic class - clean legged with white creamy earlobes - produce white shelled eggs - example: Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas, Hambury, Polish, French

English Class

• Origin – English - for egg and meat production - have excellent fleshing quality - examples: Orpington, Dorkings, Australops, Cornish

Native Chicken

- descendants of those from continental Asia - land bridges (supposedly connected the archipelago to mainland Asia) - introduced during the early trade - examples: Labuyo, Bolinao of Pangasinan, Banaba of Batangas, Camarines of Bico

Poultry Breeding

a scientific practice which aims at genetic improvement of the birds through successive generations by virtue of planned reproduction -

the aim is to improve the performance of the flock

Selection

- the process of choosing individuals to be parents of the next generations

Natural and Artificial

2 types of selection

Natural Selection

- Survival of the fittest - Climate change - Different in nutrition

Aritficial Selection

Interference of man in achieving certain goals and personals ideas - Example are meat, eggs, fighting cocks, fancy feathers

Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE)

the amount of food we need to gain 1 kilo

Inbreeding

- mating of closely related individuals

Outbreeding

breeding of unrelated animals, with mating pairs possessing different ancestries or pedigree

Cross Breeding

• mating of two different breeds or two inbred lines or pure strain of the same breeds

3-way Cross (Triple Crossing)

involves three generation scheme of breeding

Upgrading

the mating of a purebred to native hen and the most popular breeding system among backyard farmers

Mass/Flock Mating

mating of large numbers of birds. wherein two or more males

are mated with several females housed in single pen - the fertility is generally high and, therefore, much desirable for producing chicks meant

Pen Mating

the fertility is lower in this mating compare to flock mating due to preferential matings

Stud Mating

mating of individuals with a male in a cage (common in game fowl breeder) more offspring’s can be obtained from sire of high

merit

Artificial Insemination

- a method wherein semen are collected from superior males - this mating system is used when: - natural mating is not possible - females is kept in laying cages - breeding is used for experimental

Extender

injected in chicken sperm to last longer

Gallus Gallus domesticus

Scie name chicken

58g

chicken egg weight in grams

21

chicken incubation days

Anas platyrnchos

Scie name of Pekin duck

28

days of egg incubation of pekin duck

1400

Ostrich egg weight

42

days of incubation of ostrich and swan

Struthio camellus

Ostrich scie name

Olor columbianus

Swan scie name

Midget/Dwarf

– small eggs, relatively small yolk

Double yolked

two yolks may be ovulated at the same time, delay of secretion of shell membrane

Egg within an egg

– when egg goes back it produce a

Eggs with Dented Shell

when the egg is kept too long in the uterus and bumped with another egg

calcium deficiency

soft shelled egg are caused by calcium deficiency

Vent method

done when male chick has a tiny penis

Wing method

- Females: longer primary feathers, shorter coverts - Males: shorter primaries, longer coverts

brooding

the most critical stage in broiler production. - supplying heat to the chicks; can be natural or artificial

Culling

- removal of unproductive birds from the flock

Biology Engineering Economics

*Factors to Consider in the Design and Construction of Houses

Shed Type

Roof type: single span

Gable Type

Roof type: conventional can be even and uneven

Monitor Type

appropriate for which big houses need better air circulation

east-west

- Orientation should have an ____ orientation

Footbaths

should be installed at each entry/exit point of a poultry house

Growing House

similar in all aspects to broiler house

Laying House

-individual cage should provide a floor space of .5 ft2 trough feeders and waterers are installed on the

front side of the cages. The waterers are placed above the feeders

Grow-out House

house : just like with litter leg and foot

broiler house but flooring to prevent injuries

Laying House

may be pure litter, pure slat type, or combination litter and slat type

Feeding Method

The growth performance of the animals is not only affected by the quantity and quality of feed given but also by the method of feedings

Restricted Feeding

the amount of feed given is controlled or limited to a certain amount just to satisfy the appetite of the animals

Restricted feeding

is done through the use of a long feeding through where all animals eat at the same time. However, the length of the trough should be long enough to accommodate each during feeding time

Ad libitum Feeding

- is feeding without restrictions and feed is made available in anytime - fresh feed improves the feed intake and feed efficiency