Japan 201 Final

Lessons 16-18 (Can-do #21-44)

〜ていただけませんか

A polite request form, more polite than ください, used to request from non-peers

〜てくれませんか

Less formal request form roughly equivalent to ください, typically used with hosts

といいですね・といいね

Used to express hope for something nice to happen for someone other than yourself

といいんですが・といいんだけど

Used to express hope for something nice to happen regarding yourself

〜時

Used to describe when something happens or has happened

Present tense 時

When event B happens, event A is current, still in the future, or happening simultaneously

Past tense 時

When event B happens, event A is already in the past

〜てすみませんでした・てごめん

Describes things you’ve done and want to apologize for

なくてすみませんでした・なくてごめん

Describes wanting to apologize for failing to do something

〜そうです

Presents information as a hearsay report, ‘I hear that…’

〜によると

Specifies the source of the information being given

〜って

Informal variant of そうです to quote what you’ve heard

〜たら

Refers to conditional (if) dependence, where whatever happens in event B is realized if and when condition A is met

〜前に

Used to describe the event before which something happens (B before A)

〜てから

Used to describe the event after which something happens (after A then B)

〜なくてもいいです

Used to express that it is not necessary to do something

〜みたいです

Used to express that something resembles something else or appears to be the case

Transitive verb + ている

Refers to actions in progress

Intransitive verb + ている

Refers to states that hold true after the change takes place

〜てしまう

Indicates completing an action with dedication or an action occurring unexpectedly, often with regret

〜ちゃう・じゃう

The forms of てしまう used in speech

〜と

Means 'whenever A occurs, B happens', expressing a cause and effect relationship

ながら

Connects two verbs being performed simultaneously

〜ばよかったです

Expresses regret about a past action, meaning 'I wish I had done...’

〜ければよかったです

Expresses regret about a past action, meaning ‘I wish I hadn’t done’

なきゃよかった

Casual form of ければよかったです