chap 22

Which of the following is NOT a function or role of the respiratory system?

Regulation of body temperature

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli all make up the:

lower respiratory tract

What tissue is found in our nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, trachea, and bronchi?

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

What tissue is found in our oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following is NOT a reason it is beneficial to breathe through the nose instead of the mouth? 

Air volume is increased on inhalation

hich structure(s) cause incoming air to become turbulent and increase the amount of time it spends in the nasal cavity?

Nasal conchae

hat is the technical term for our nostrils?

external nares

What portion of the throat is located between the hyoid bone and the opening of the esophagus?

laryngopharynx

What is the technical term for the voice box?

larynx

What do we call the opening between the vocal chords?

glottis

The ___ of the ___ vibrate to produce sounds of different pitch (frequencies).

vocal folds … larynx

What spoon-shaped structure that protrudes superior to the voice box folds over the opening between the vocal cords during swallowing?

epiglottis

What cartilage of the voice box is large, superior, and referred to as the "Adam’s apple"?

thyroid cartilage

What set of folds in the voice box are elastic, medial, and produce sound?

vocal folds

What structures keep the windpipe open?

Hyaline cartilage rings, C-shaped

How many secondary (lobar) bronchi does the left lung possess?

 

2

How many tertiary (segmental) bronchi does the left lung possess?

8 or 9

Sympathetic action in bronchioles cause

bronchodilation and increases airflow, while parasympathetic action causes bronchoconstriction, reducing airflow.

Parasympathetic action in bronchioles causes

bronchoconstriction and decreases airflow.

The right lung has _____ lobes; the left lung has _____ lobes.

three ... two

The ___ pleura covers the outer surfaces of the lungs whereas the ___ pleura covers the thoracic wall.

visceral ... parietal

What do we call the entire complex of structures that enter the lung at the concavity on its medial surface as well as the connective tissue that binds and stabilizes them?

root

n organ crowds one lung, which and what organ?

left, heart

Which cells of the lower respiratory system produces surfactant?

Type II pneumocytes

Where does gas exchange between the air and the lungs occur?

alveoli

The respiratory system becomes less efficient as we age. Which of the following would reduce the effectiveness of filtration of incoming air? 

Loss of cilia (dysplasia) due to smoke inhalation

The term that describes conducting air to the lungs is:

pulmonary ventilation

Given the components of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, what appears to be the boundary between the two (as shown by the two sides of the boundary)?

pharynx and larynx

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the ___.

mucociliary escalator

The majority of the filtration, humidification, and warming of inhaled air occurs in the ___.

nasal cavity

The majority of the filtration, humidification, and warming of inhaled air occurs in the ___.

nasal cavity

What is the technical term for the area behind our oral and nasal cavities

pharynx 

What is the technical term for the windpipe?

trachea

Where would you find the trachealis muscle?

Between the tips of the tracheal cartilages

How many secondary (lobar) bronchi does the right lung possess?

3

How do terminal bronchioles differ from bronchi?

lack cartilage 

What do we call the groove, or concavity, that provides an entry point for bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and nerves?

hilum 

What is true about the lobes of the lungs?

right has 3, left has 2 

The ___ surrounding each alveolus facilitates the expansion and recoil of the alveoli.

 elastic fibers 

What tissue forms our alveoli?

simple squamous epithelium

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because ____.

it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air

What do we call the area where air passes from our nasal cavity into our throat?

internal nares 

What region of the pharynx is a shared passageway between the respiratory and digestive tracts?

oropharynx 

Which ladle-shaped cartilages pivot (with the aid of voluntary muscles) to allow for the tension in the vocal cords to be adjusted?

arytenoid 

What cartilage of the voice box is smaller, inferior, and a complete ring?

cricoid cartilage 

How many tertiary (segmental) bronchi does the right lung possess?

10

Which cells of the lower respiratory system form the respiratory membrane with the capillary endothelium?

Type I pneumocytes

The respiratory system becomes less efficient as we age. Which of the following would reduce the flow of expired (exhaled) air from the alveoli?

Loss of elastic recoil due to elastic fiber deterioration

The respiratory system becomes less efficient as we age. Which of the following age-related changes would make deep breathing difficult?

restricted ribcage movement due to arthritis

Which cells of the lower respiratory system phagocytize debris?

Alveolar macrophages

Into what two tubes does the windpipe bifurcate?

primary bronchi 

Which of the following is NOT a reason it is beneficial to breathe through the nose instead of the mouth?

Air volume is increased on inhalation 

In which primary bronchus are foreign objects more likely to lodge?

right

What is the technical term for the area behind our oral and nasal cavities?

pharynx

How many secondary (lobar) bronchi does the left lung possess?

2

How many secondary (lobar) bronchi does the right lung possess?

3