Studied by 30 people
This correlates with the American Pageant 17th Edition.
How was population growth in 1780s-90s?
Populations doubled every 25 years and the first consensus revealed 4 million people (1790).
How was Washington considered for Presidency?
This esteemed war hero, known for his successful retreats, was drafted by the Electoral College in 1789 and took the oath on August 30, 1789.
What did Washington do in his presidency?
He set up a cabinet which consisted of: Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, and Secretary of War Henry Knox. These people helped to strengthen the government and provide fixes to issues.
What negatives did the Constitution create?
Following its creation in 1789 in Philadelphia, it caused antifederalists to criticize the Constitution for its failure to provide guarantees of individual rights.
How did the Bill of Rights contribute to this new nation?
Wrote by James Madison in 1791, this included the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. This guarantees basic human rights to the colonists.
What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?
Passed by Congress in 1789, it created the federal court system, including the Supreme Court. It also created the office of attorney general with John Jay becoming the first Chief Justice.
How was America’s financial system fixed?
Alexander Hamilton attempted to fix this by strengthening national credit in favor of the wealthy. The wealthy people would then lend their money to the government. This led to funding at par and assumption.
What is Funding At Par?
Following Alexander Hamilton’s fixation of national credit, he also created this where the federal government would pay off its debts (government ones) at face value plus interest.
What was assumption?
Created by Alexander Hamilton in his efforts to fix the economic issues, this involved the federal government paying states' debts. However, to keep unionism at its peak, Hamilton shifted the attachment of wealthy creditors from the states to the federal government.
Why did Hamilton believe National Debt was good?
It protected the United States by not having other nations declare war on them. The more people that the government owed money to would support the success of the government.
Tariff?
A tax levied on imports. Hamilton supported the first tariff law in 1789, which imposed taxes on certain import items. This brought in revenue to pay off debts and protected small-industries.
Excise Tax?
Advocated by Alexander Hamilton, this tax was created by Congress in 1791 which placed taxes on domestic items, especially whisky.
What did Alexander Hamilton propose that Jefferson disapproved of?
The Bank of the United States which was established in 1791 by Alexander Hamilton and ran for 20 years. Located in Philadelphia, it could print paper money and provide a stable national currency. This bank would be a place for the Treasury to deposit extra monies. Most people in the north advocated for this while people in the south opposed this.
Why did Jefferson not like the idea of a Bank of the United States?
He believed it was unconstitutional and meant for the states to handle, advocating for “strict construction” in which people interoperate the law literally.
What was heavily sought during expansion in the Americas? And why?
Land. Since the British lost, colonists believed that it was okay to push west of the Appalachians. Though the Treaty of Paris gave the Americas land all the way to the Mississippi, this land was owned by Indians.
What was the Battle of Wabash (provide how it started and the results)
In 1791, the conquest for land was significantly high with the Treaty of Paris granting America all land to the Mississippi. This sparked conflicts with the Indians and Colonists. This battle was led by Native Little Turtle of the Miami’s. It led to Indian victory following the help of the British (they supplied guns), however, it caused alarm in Washington and a larger invasion occurred two years later.
Whiskey’s Rebellion?
Led in Pennsylvania in 1794, was lead by distillers who strongly opposed the 1791 excise tax on whiskey. The rebellion was ended when President Washington sent in federal troops and reiterated that the government would enforce the law.
What was a two-party system?
Starting with Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton’s conflicts based on a national bank, this developed into a political rivalry. Eventually, Jefferson and Madison organized t heir opposition to Hamilton in Congress. This led to organized opposition growing and the two-party system emerged.
After Washington’s first administration ended in 1793… (after explaining who they were, create a list of their differences)
The formation of two political parties were created: Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans and Hamiltonian Federalists.
Jeffersonian’s - supported states' rights and a smaller government
Hamiltonian’s - supported a powerful federal government
What effects did the French Revolution have the on America?
This revolution prompted the Americas to sign the Neutrality Act, which declared that America was to not interfere with the current war. Since the French and Americas were banded to a treaty, this led to the French to take control of Americans ships, which ultimately led to the XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War, then the Convention of 1800.
THIS IS A VERY LIKELY QUIZ QUESTION
What was the Haitian Revolution (before and after effects)?
Following the French Revolution, the slaves of current-day Haiti rose up and killed tons of white planters in 1791. Two years later, they created a constitution abolishing slavery. This heavily affected plantation owners in America, fearing their slaves would soon rebel.
Following warfare in the Caribbean, the two political parties of America either supported or disapproved of the war. Name those parties
Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans wanted to support the French in their war against the British.
The Federalists were opposed.
Neutrality Proclamation?
In 1793, shortly after the outbreak of war between Britain and France, Washington issued this proclaiming the government’s neutrality in the widening conflict in the Caribbean. Pro-France Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans' were outraged. French Edmond Genet tried to convince Washington that this proclamation did not represent the American peoples wishes. The French also seized American ships in the Caribbean, ignoring the proclamation.
Battle of Fallen Timbers (what caused it, what are the after effects)?
Following defeat from the Battle of Wabash, in 1794, an army led by General Wayne attacked the Miami’s Confederacy (composed of 8 Indian tribes) forcing them to sign the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. This treaty ceded the Indiana and Ohio to America in exchange to payment and the right to hunt on their original land.
Jay’s Treaty?
President Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to London in 1794 to negotiate about avoiding war. The British promised to evacuate the chain of posts on U.S. soil and pay for damages for the seizures of American ships. However, the treaty also called for the U.S. to continue to pay the debts owed to British merchants on pre-Revolutionary War accounts, which angered Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans in the south.
Pinckney's Treaty?
Sparked by Jay’s Treaty, Spain which feared an Anglo-American alliance, struck a deal with the U.S. In this treaty of 1795, Spain granted the Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River and the large disputed territory north of Florida.
Farewell Address?
An address made by Washington in the newspapers talking about his retirement from office in 1797 and his urge not to make a permanent alliance.
Summarize how Adams became president…
The three major figures considered for Presidency were John Adams, Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton was out of the picture because he wasn’t born in the states. Jefferson and Adams were close, with Adams just winning because of his support in New England. Jefferson had a major following with the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans in the South too.
What was the XYZ Affair?
France was upset with Jay's Treaty and started capturing American merchant ships. This led Adams to send John Marshall to France to negotiate in 1797. Hoping to meet Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, he was secretly approached by 3 go-betweens, later referred to as X, Y, and Z. The French spokesmen demanded a bribe of $250,000 just to talk to Talleyrand. Angered by the intolerable terms, Marshall and the envoy returned to the U.S to prep for war where the United States Marine Corps was re-established.
What was Quasi-War with France?
Starting from Jay’s Treaty and the XYZ Affair it was an undeclared naval conflict with the States and France. Signed by Adams and Napoleon Bonaparte, both sides sought peace and the Convention of 1800 ended the conflict.
Convention of 1800?
An agreement to formally dissolve the United States treaty with France. It ended the Quasi-War
What did the Federal Congress do to decrease the pro-Jeffersonians?
Passed a series of oppressive laws aimed at "aliens", or foreigners who came to America and supported Jefferson (Alien Laws).
What were Alien Laws?
Passed by the Federalist Congress, the residence requirements for aliens who desired to become citizens went from 5 years to 14 years (you now had to live there 14 years to become a resident). They also stated that the President could deport or jail foreigners in times of peace or hostilities.
What was the Sedition Act?
Passed by the Federalist Congress, it stated that anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely defamed its officials would be liable to a heavy fine and imprisonment. One example was Congressman Matthew Lyon who was sent to four months in prison for criticizing John Adams. AIMED AT ANTI-FEDERALISTS
Congress primarily composed of what type of people?
Federalists
What was the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
Created by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, it stated that the states had the right to refuse laws created by the government. Virtually no other state followed the two states' resolutions.
What were differences between Federalists and Democratic-Republic Jeffersonians?
Federalists were primarily in New England and supported a strong central government; they believed that the government should support private enterprise, not interfere with it; and they supported the British in trade relations. Led by Alexander Hamilton.
Jeffersonian anti-Federalists demanded a weak central government and supported states' rights. He mainly advocated to small-farmers and poor people. They were pro-French and were led by Thomas Jefferson.
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