History: French Neoclassic

Neoclassic

What Louis XVI-era style, inspired by Pompeii and Herculaneum discoveries, favored graceful lines, perfect proportions, restrained ornamentation, and classical motifs?

Classicism

What refers to the art produced in antiquity (ancient past) or to later art inspired by that of antiquity?

Neoclassicism

What always refer to the art produced later but inspired by antiquity?

Classical Revival

What term describes art and architecture inspired by Ancient Greece and Rome, seen in the Italian Renaissance and classical movements of 18th-19th century England and the US?

French Revolution

What major European event from 1789 to the late 1790s ended absolute monarchy and feudalism in France, leading to Napoleon’s rise?

Napoléon Bonaparte

Who was the French general and emperor from 1799 to 1815, known as the first consul and a key figure in Western history?

-The discoveries of Pompeii and Herculaneum

-Antiquities of Athens

-the arrival of the Eglin Marbles

What influenced NEOCLASSICAL ART?

Heraculaneum

What ancient Roman town, destroyed by volcanic pyroclastic flows in 79 A.D., is located near Mount Vesuvius in Campania, Italy?

James Stuart and Nicholas Revett

Who was the English archaeologists who published the Antiquities of Athens (1762)?

Elgin Marbles

What do you call the Sculptures from the pediments and metopes and interior architraves of the Parthenon?

Jacques-Louis David

Which famous French Neoclassical painter led the shift from Rococo to classicism and painted Madame Récamier and Napoleon?

Oath of the Horatii

Which painting of Jacques-Louis David immediately became a huge success with critics and the public, and remains the best-known painting of neoclassicism?

The Death of Marat

What famous painting of Jacques-Louis David depicts the murdered French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat in his bath and is considered by some as the first modernist painting?

Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres

Which of David’s top pupils saw himself as a history painter in the tradition of Poussin and David, inheriting their classical style?

Grande Odalisque

What painting by Ingres, depicting a Turkish odalisque, is considered Neoclassical despite its untypical subject matter?

The Turkish Bath

What painting by Ingres, rendered in a circular format, summarizes his lifelong fascination with female voluptuousness?

Nicolass Poussin

Which French painter, known for history scenes and founding the French Classical tradition, worked mostly in Rome and emphasized ideal form, clarity, and dramatic force?

Antonio Canova

Who is the dominant figure in neoclassical sculpture known for capturing the severity and ideal purity of ancient art?

La Madeleine

Which Paris church, designed by Pierre-Alexandre Vignon and built as a Roman temple with a Corinthian colonnade, was part of Napoleon’s plan to make Paris an imperial capital?

Church of Les Invalides

Which church, remodeled by Louis Le Vau with a Greek cross plan and a dome inspired by St. Peter’s, served as a home and hospital for aged soldiers?

style etrusque

What Louis XVI-era style, revived after the 1738 Herculaneum excavations, emphasized simplicity and classical motifs as a counterpoint to Rococo?

George Jacob

Who founded the dynasty of cabinet makers during the French Neoclassic Period?

Henri Riesener

Who is a Parisian cabinet maker and student of Oeben, who designed many pieces for Marie Antoinette?

Ovals, ellipses and circles

What are the three types of curves used in interiors and furniture during the French Neoclassic Period?

boiseries

What French term refers to decorated wall paneling with low-relief carved woodwork, often gilded?

- straight or tapered

-crowned by a square block ( rosette)

-vertical or spiral fluting

-Classic Greek and Roman Columns

What characteristics of furniture legs during the French Neoclassic Period?

tapestries

What are textile wall hangings that were woven, painted, or embroidered with colorful scenes?

brocades

What is a rich silk fabric with raised patterns in gold and silver?

silk

What is a valuable cloth, originally made only in China from threads spun by caterpillars called silkworms?

damask

What fabric of linen or cotton or silk or wool with a reversible pattern woven into it?

Brocatelle

What tightly woven Jacquard fabric with a warp effect in the figure, which is raised to give a puffed appearance?

-mahogany

-walnut

-satinwood

-sycamore

What are the 4 wood types commonly used during the French Neoclassic Period?

Mahogany

Among the 4 wood types, which is the most popular wood during the French Neoclassic Period?

-natural

-bleached

-soft gray

-ivory

-white

-enamel

What are the common French Neoclassic Wood finishes? (mention at least 3)

Verre Eglomise

What technique involves painting on the reverse side of glass, then applying gold and silver as backing?

manchettes

What do you call a padded armrest?

Fauteuil

What is the name of the high-backed French armchair with an upholstered seat and back, open padded arms, and a square or medallion back?

Louis XVI Bergère

What large lounge chair features full arms, a loose cushion, a scrolled top rail, tapered grooved legs, and upholstered sides with original painted and gilt finish?

Chauffeuse

What low, armless chair, also known as a nanny's chair, was designed to let people sit closer to the fireplace?

Voyeuse

What is a straddle chair, in which the sitter faces the chair back and rests their arms on the upholstered top rail?

Lyre back chair

What open-backed chair used in dining rooms had a caned or leather seat with a lyre back?

Canape

What small two-seater sofa, also called an elongated fauteuil, has 8 tapering legs and a back not reaching the seat rail?

Settee

What is a formally styled, smaller version of a canapé?

Chaise Lounge

What seating furniture came in versions including one-piece, two equal chaise-like pieces, unequal bergère and bench, or two bergères with a central stool?

tapered, fluted legs, crossed stretchers

What are the types of legs and stretchers in Louis XVI style tables?

Secretaire a abattant

What French standing desk has an armoire-like top, a door at the base, and a flap-front that opens to expand the writing surface?

tricoteuse

What is a French Sewing table?

Secretaire a la tronchin

What is writing desk provided with a mechanical device to raise the raising table?

Bouillote

What is a French table for playing card games?

Trictrac table

What table, used for backgammon, had a removable top with leather and baize sides, and storage for candles, dice, and counters?

Chiffonier

What five- to six-drawer commode with a brass gallery was used by the wealthy to store precious collections?

Console table

What table, often rectangular or half-moon shaped, is typically supported by two legs with a stretcher between them?

Dining table

What was the first introduced table in this period for eating purposes and followed the design for other tables?

-pineapple

-finial

What is the two common ornament added to french neoclassic period beds?

angel bed

What is a French bed with a tester without post but with a small canopy attached to the wall?

alcove bed

What is a bed in a niche on the wall?

Lit a la Duchesse / Duchess Bed

What is the French bed style with a full canopy (tester) suspended from the ceiling by chains?

Lit a la Turque

French Empire: What type of bed placed horizontally against a wall?

Polonaise

What is a French bed with equal footboard and Headboard height?

touile-de-jouy

What fabric, featuring blue and white domestic scenes, was first produced in Jouy-en-Josas near Versailles?

Festoons

What is a decorative feature consisting of a length of flowers or leaves linked together, or a chain of colored paper or ribbon hanging in loops between two points?

Garlands

What motif features a typically long, flowing strings or chains of flowers, foliage, or other materials, often draped or hung

Patera

What round or oval ornament, resembling a shallow disk, is carved or inlaid with foliage, geometric, or fan-like designs?

Gardoon

What ornamental molding is marked by the use of notches or carved work?

Early Neoclassic & Late Neoclassic

What are the 2 distinct phases of French neoclassic?

early neoclassic

What phase of French Neoclassic features a feminine style, reign of XVI and wife Marie-Antoinette?

late neoclassic

What phase of French Neoclassic features a Reign of Emperor Napoleon; French Revolution; masculine style?