ch 10 lymphatics

dhyg 219

lymphatics

part of the immune system

helps fight the disease processes

lymphatic vessels

system of channels that parallel venous blood vessels

more numerous than veins

have valves to insure a 1 way flow

link lymph nodes together

lymph

fluid that drains from tissues and travels in lymphatic vessels

lymph nodes

bean shaped bodies groups in clusters along the connecting lymphatic vessels

in health- small and mobile, generally unable to palpate, prevent toxic products from getting in to blood stream

afferent vessels

type of lymphatic vessel where lymph flows into lymph nodes

hilus

depression on side of lymph node

efferent vessels

type of lymphatic vessels where lymph flows out

primary nodes

master nodes

drain lymph from a particular region

secondary nodes

central nodes

drain lymph from a primary node

tonsillar tissue

masses of lymphoid tissue located in oral cavity and pharynx

contain lymphocytes that remove toxic products

lymphatic ducts

larger lymphatic vessels that drain smaller vessels

empty into venous system in chest area

lymphatic duct drainage

right and left sides are different

lymphatic ducts empty into veins

right side drainage

jugular trunk- lymphatics of right side of head and neck converge here

lymphatic duct- formed from right jugular trunk and lymphatics from right arm and thorax, drains into right subclavian and right internal jugular veins

left side drainage

jugular trunk- lymphatics of left side of head and neck converge here

thoracic duct- formed by the left internal jugular trunk and left subclavian, drains from left arm, lower half of body and thorax, larger than lymphatic duct

lymph nodes of the head and neck

examine carefully for palpable lymph nodes and record if present

should not be able to palpate lymph nodes in health

if they are palpable, it may indicate where an infection is active

occipital lymph nodes

superficial lymph nodes

located bilaterally on posterior of head and drain this portion of scalp

retroauricular lymph nodes

superficial lymph nodes

located posterior to each ear

anterior auricular lymph nodes

superficial lymph nodes

located anterior to each ear

superficial parotid lymph nodes

superficial lymph nodes

superficial to each parotid salivary glands

facial lymph nodes

superficial lymph nodes

positioned along the facial vein, drain skin and mucous membranes where nodes are

malar lymph nodes

facial lymph nodes

infraorbital region

nasolabial lymph nodes

facial lymph nodes

near nose

buccal lymph nodes

facial lymph nodes

at labial commissure, superficial to buccinator muscle

mandibular lymph nodes

facial lymph nodes

over surface of mandible, anterior to masseter muscle

deep parotid lymph nodes

located deep in parotid salivary gland, drain middle ear, auditory tube, and parotid salivary gland

retropharyngeal lymph nodes

located near deep parotid lymph nodes at level of atlas, drain pharynx, palate, paranasal sinuses, and nasal cavity

submental lymph nodes

superficial cervical lymph nodes

located infereior to chin in the submental facial space and superficial to mylohyoid muscle, drain both sides of chin, lower lip, floor of mouth, apex of tongue, mandibular incisors and associated tissues

submandibular lymph nodes

superficial cervical lymph nodes

located at inferior border of ramus of the mandible, drain cheeks, upper lip, body of tongue, anterior portion of hard palate, all teeth except mandibular incisor and maxillary 3rd molars

external jugular lymph nodes

superficial cervical lymph nodes

located on each side of neck along external jugular vein

secondary nodes for occipital, retroauricular, anterior auricular and superficial parotid nodes

anterior jugular lymph nodes

superficial cervical lymph nodes

located on each side of neck along anterior jugular vein

drain infrahyoid region of neck

deep cervical lymph nodes

located along length of internal jugular vein

deep to sternocleidomastoid muscle

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

deep cervical lymph nodes

located superior to where the omohyoid muscle crosses internal jugular vein

drains the posterior nasal cavity, posterior portion of hard palate, soft palate, base of tongue, max 3rd molars and associated tissues, esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland

may be secondary nodes for all other nodes of head and neck except occipital and inferior deep cervical nodes

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

deep cervical lymph nodes

located inferior to the level where omohyoid muscle crosses the internal jugular vein

drains the posterior portion of scalp and neck, superficial pectoral region, and portion of arm

may be secondary nodes for occipital and superior deep cervical nodes

accessory lymph nodes

located along the accessory nerve

drain the scalp and neck

supraclavicular lymph nodes

located along the clavicle

drain the lateral cervical triangles

palatine tonsils

two rounded masses of variable size located in the oral cavity between anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars

lingual tonsil

indistinct layer of lymphoid tissue located intraorally at the base of the tongue

pharyngeal tonsil

adenoids, located on posterior wall of nasopharynx, enlarged in kids

tubal tonsil

located in nasopharynx, posterior to openings of eustachian or auditory tube

lymphadenopathy

increase in size and change in consistency of lymph tissue due to disease

change from firm to very hard, may remain free of become attached to surrounding tissue, may be tender

results from an increase in both size of lymphocyte and overall cell count, allows lymphoid tissue to better fight disease process

caused by disease process, such as infection or cancer

metastasis

the spread of cancer from the original site of the tumor to secondary site (primary nodes)

if not caught early will spread to secondary nodes

can enter the blood stream, causing fatal systemic involvement

nodes with cancer

usually not tender, very hard and possibly fixed to tissuen

nodes with acute infection

usually tender to palpation, firm and mobile