MRAD 3218 INTRO

what are the six classifications for describing pathologies?

1. congenital/hereditary

2. inflammatory

3. metabolic

4. neoplastic

5. traumatic

6. degenerative

what is the difference between congenital and hereditary pathologies?

hereditary: is genetic, a person’s DNA code

congenital: conditions that develop in utero, not genetic (like a birth defect)

what kind of pathologies fall under the inflammatory category?

rheumatoid arthritis

chrons disease

hepatitis

sinusitis

pneumonia

what does inflammatory mean?

inflammation is charcaterized by five signs: swelling, pain, redness, loss of function, and heat. It is the body’s response to a nonspecific agent that causes an injury.

TRUE OR FALSE?

Inflammatory conditions also include autoimmune disorders.

TRUE

Describe degenerative pathologies.

conditions or pathologies in which a progressive decline in patient condition is noted in relation to the pathology present.

name examples of degenerative pathologies.

heart disease

osteoporosis

diabetes

describe metabolic pathologies.

Metabolic diseases are those in which homeostasis is affected. Ingestion of sufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals as well as fluid and electrolyte imbalances fall under this category as well.

Which system is homeostasis regulated by?

the endocrine system as an over or under secretion of hormones can interrupt the regular function of the body.

name examples of metabolic diseases.

Diabetes
Hyperparathyroidism
Scurvy (severe vitamin c deficiency)

what is the MOI for traumatic pathologies?

Trauma. Injury may be physical force, radiation, burns or the effects of extreme heat or cold.

what does neoplastic mean?

the abnormal growth of tissue. it involves an overgrowth of cells or a grouping of cells that do not adhere to normally growth or death patterns. These overgrowths are commonly referred to as tumors.

what are the two subcategories of neoplasia?

benign: Benign neoplasia are localized non-invasive, non-cancerous growths.

malignant: malignant neoplasia invasively grow into surrounding tissues and also spread throughout the body and start new tumor growth distant to the original site. Malignant neoplasia are cancers.

(finish the sentence)

There are two different types of cancers depending on…

the cell type that they are formed from

what are the two different types of cancer?

Carcinoma is an overgrowth of epithelial cells – cells have more specialized functions in the body (secretions, metabolism)

Sarcoma is an overgrowth of connective cells – the cells that provide structural support and protection.

(helps us to understand how and why neoplasia occur)

what are the six steps to understanding a pathology?

1. classification

2. Etiology

3. pathogenesis (what occurs during the disease process, progression)

4. signs (objective) and symptoms (only what the patient experiences)

5. radiographic appearance

6. treatment