Unit 2 Vocabulary: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

Flashcards for reviewing key terms and concepts from AMSCO Online Book Unit 2.

What is Population Distribution?

The pattern of where people live.

What is Arithmetic Population Density (Population Density)?

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

What is Physiological Population Density?

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

What does Arable mean?

Land suitable for growing crops.

What is Agricultural Population Density?

The number of farmers per unit area of arable land.

What is Redistricting?

The redrawing of electoral district boundaries.

What is Infrastructure?

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

What is Carrying Capacity?

The maximum number of individuals that an environment can sustain given available resources.

What is an Age-Sex Composition Graph?

A visual representation of the age and sex structure of a population.

What is a Population Pyramid?

A type of age-sex composition graph, showing the distribution of age groups and sex in a population.

What is a Cohort?

A group of people banded together or treated as a group.

What is the Dependency Ratio?

The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years

Who are Immigrants?

People who move into a new country.

Who are Emigrants?

People who leave a country to live elsewhere.

What is the Crude Birth Rate (CBR)?

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

What is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

What is Life Expectancy?

The average period that a person may expect to live.

What is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.

What is the Crude Death Rate (CDR)?

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

What is the Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) / Natural Increase Rate (NIR)?

The percentage by which a population grows in a year (excluding migration).

What is Population Doubling Time?

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

A model that describes population change over time.

What is the Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)?

A model describing the causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

Who is Thomas Malthus and what is Malthusian Theory?

Theory that states that population growth will outpace resource production, leading to famine and misery.

Who are Neo-Malthusians?

People who believe that Malthus's theory is still relevant today.

What are Anti-natalist Policies?

Government policies that seek to reduce birth rates.

What are Pro-natalist Policies?

Government policies that encourage child birth.

What is Migration?

The movement of people from one place to another.

What is Voluntary Migration?

Migration based on one's free will and initiative.

What is a Push Factor?

A factor that induces people to leave old residences.

What is a Pull Factor?

A factor that induces people to move to a new location.

What is the Migration Transition Model?

Migration characteristics change with demographic transition.

What are Intervening Obstacles?

Environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.

What are Intervening Opportunities?

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

What is Distance Decay?

The diminishing in contact with the occurrence of an activity with increasing distance.

What is the Gravity Model of Migration?

A model that states that spatial interaction is directly related to the populations and inversely related to the distance between them.

What is Rural To Urban Migration?

The movement of people from the countryside to the city.

What is Forced Migration?

Migration where people have no option but to relocate.

Who are Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)?

People who have been forced to move within their country's borders.

Who is a Refugee?

People who have been forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return for fear of persecution.

What is Asylum (seeker)?

The protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.

What is Internal Migration?

Permanent movement within the same country.

What is Transnational Migration?

Migration across national borders.

Who are Chain Migrants?

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Who are Guest Workers?

Workers who migrate to more developed countries in search of higher-paying jobs.

What is Transhumance?

Seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.

What is Xenophobia?

Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.

What are Remittances?

Money migrants send back to their family and friends in their home countries.

What is Brain Drain?

The emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country.

What are Ethnic Enclaves?

Neighborhoods with a high concentration of people from the same country of origin.

What is Ecumene?

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

What is a Pandemic?

An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide.

What is the Sex Ratio?

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

What is Zero Population Growth (ZPG)?

When the birth rate equals the death rate.

What is Interregional Migration?

Movement from one region of a country to another.

What is Intraregional Migration?

Movement within one region of a country.

What is a Quota?

A limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Define Population Distribution

The arrangement of people across the earth’s surface.

Define Population Density

A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.

What is stage 1 of the demo transition model?

High birth/death rates, low population growth.