HY Dermatology Flashcards

Flashcards of key dermatology concepts for the USMLE exam.

Tinea Capitis treatment

Oral griseofulvin for patient only. Note alopecia and circular/scaly appearance of lesion; cause is dermatophytes (i.e., Microsporum; Trichophyton).

Tinea Capitis prevention

Avoidance of sharing of hats.

Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff) treatment

Topical selenium or ketoconazole shampoo; cause is inflammatory response to over-colonization with Malassezia yeast.

Sudden onset seborrheic dermatitis in MSM

Do HIV test.

Tinea Corporis (ringworm) treatment

Topical miconazole or clotrimazole; Q will often mention dogs or use of yoga mats at the gym.

Biggest risk factor for cutaneous Candida in obese, Type II Diabetic patients

Insulin resistance (increases risk for cutaneous Candida). Treat with oral fluconazole.

Treatment for White, Cheese-Like vaginal discharge

Fluconazole (oral) or topical nystatin.

Causal organism for Fever + Red, Itchy, Scaly area between toes that extends up dorsum of foot/ankle

Staph aureus--Treat with antibiotics.

Sterile probe to base of diabetic foot ulcer shows…

Polymicrobial.

Most likely organism for Puncture wound on foot 3 weeks ago + continues to have warmth, redness, and pain

Pseudomonas.

Mechanism for Excoriated rash on groin and inner ankle + rash on ankle was successfully treated with topical clotrimazole a few weeks ago, but rash has reappeared + is on groin

Autoinfection (i.e., he is scratching/re-infecting himself).

Onychomycosis Treatment

Oral terbinafine (if not listed, choose griseofulvin).

Mechanism for Candida skin infections since childhood + type I diabetes mellitus + autoimmune thyroiditis

Autoimmune (T Cell) mediated immunity

Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii) treatment

Oral itraconazole.

Tinea versicolor (Malassezia furfur) treatment

Topical selenium.

Candida (diaper rash) treatment

Topical -azoles or nystatin.

Cellulitis treatment

Oral dicloxacillin, cephalexin, or Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate).

Erysipelas treatment

Oral dicloxacillin, cephalexin, or Augmentin.

Impetigo treatment

Topical mupirocin.

Immunologic receptor(s) bound in Toxic shock-like syndrome caused by exotoxin A of Strep pyogenes

MHC-II and T-cell receptor.

Molecular target of Toxin in Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Desmosomes.

Scarlet fever treatment

Penicillin.

Erythema marginatum treatment

Penicillin.

Yellow crusties on forearm + red urine

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN).

Infection of burn site that has a yellow color

Staph aureus.

Mastitis (breastfeeding) treatment

Oral dicloxacillin + continue breastfeeding through the affected breast.

Acne causal organism

Propionibacterium acnes.

First-line Tx for acne

Topical retinoids (i.e., topical tretinoin; not oral isotretinoin; latter is only for severe acne).

Recommendation for Acne patient being treated with topical retinoids + oral medications with photosensitivity

"Avoidance of sun exposure".

Tinea faciei Treatment

Topical -azoles (clotrimazole, miconazole).

Meningitis + non-blanching rash causal organism

Gram-negative diplococci.

Typhoid acquisition method

"Ingestion of fecal-contaminated food".

Penetrating trauma to thigh + skin has black appearance and crepitus on exam + causal organism (Clostridium perfringens) can also cause…

Watery diarrhea.

Poorly controlled diabetes + black skin on perineum + is hemodynamically stable and ABCs addressed; what's the next best step in management?

Debridement of necrotic tissue.

Necrotizing fasciitis Treatment

IV antibiotics + debridement of necrotic tissue.

Painful lump in labia majora most likely causal organism

Polymicrobial.

Kawasaki disease Treatment

Aspirin + IVIG.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii) treatment

Doxycycline.

Hand-foot-mouth disease causal organism traits

"RNA virus; non-enveloped; non-segmented".

HSV primary infection diagnosis testing.

"PCR testing of vesicles".

HSV1/2 traits

DNA, enveloped, linear.

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir MOA

DNA polymerase inhibitor (causes chain termination).

Gardener + photo with "Mees lines" is due to type of toxicity what type

Arsenic.

Dx: hordeolum (stye) treatment

Warm compresses.

Primary syphilis (chancre sore) treatment

Penicillin.

Secondary syphilis diagnosis

Fluorescent treponemal antibody(FTA).

Causal organism of Egyptian immigrant with gumma of tertiary syphilis

Leptospira interrogans.

Lyme disease treatment in child

Amoxicillin.

Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) treatment

Topical permethrin.

Itchy lesions on the arm after staying at a motel…

Bed bugs.

Measles (rubeola) Treatment

Supportive.

Rubella (German measles) Treatment

Supportive.

Pool party + skin-colored or reddish papules with central umbilication causal organism

Poxvirus (molloscum contagiosum).

Black ulcer on arm + vision loss treated with ivermectin diagnosis

Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus).

Swollen eyebrow + shortness of breath causal organism

Trypanasoma cruzi (Chagas disease).

Aquarium + red ulcers/blisters on hand/arm causal organism

Mycobacterium marinum.

Trait of organism causing Hypoesthesia of hands to pain and temperature + nodularity of fingers and nose in Libyan immigrant

"Temperature sensitivity".

Skin biopsy result for Lesions on elbows in patient with Celiac disease

IgA deposition at dermal papillae.

Antibodies seen in patient with malar rash with violaceous eyelids

Anti-Jo1 antibodies.

Psoriasis treatments

Topical calcipotriene (vitamin D derivative), topical steroid, or coal tar.

Type of hypersensitivity responsible for Atopy with excoriations visible in flexor creases.

Type I (immediate).

Best way prevent hikers from linear vesicles on legs

"Avoidance of contact with weeds".