Pharmacology Test 1

Pilocarpine

Cholinergic drug, muscarinic agonist affects secretory cells

physostigmine

Cholinergic drug

reversible anti AChE

Donepezil

Cholinergic drug

AChE inhibitor

Atropine

Cholinergic drug

Muscarinic competitive antgonist

weak base

Ipratropium

Cholinergic drug

muscarinic antagonist

Succinyl choline

Cholinergic drug

Depolarizing agent NM agonist

Scopolamine

Cholinergic drug

muscarine agonist

Pancuronium

Cholinergic drug

non depolarizing nicotinic antagonist

NM (pure) antagonist

Phenylephrine

Adrenergic drug

direct non catecholamine agonist

Clonidine

Adrenergic drug

alpha 2 agonist

Alpha methyl dopa

Adrenergic drug

prodrug that turns into methyl NE in the brain

Dobutamine

Adrenergic drug

catecholamine beta 1 agonist

Terbutaline

Adrenergic drug

beta 2 non catecholamine agonist

Formoterol

adrenergic drug

beta 2 agonist

Prazosin

Adrenergic drug

alpha 1 antagonist

propranolol

Adrenergic drug

non selective beta blocker

Atenolol

Adrenergic drug

beta blocker (mostly beta 1)

prevents initial vasoconstriction

Carvedilol

Adrenergic drug

alpha 1 and beta blocker

Pseudoephedrine

Adrenergic drug

complex agonist (more alpha than beta)

Methylphenidate

Adrenergic drug

Alpha and beta agonist (amphetamine)

Nitrous oxide

(laughing gas)

Inhalation Anesthetic

more analgesic than anesthetic

quick onset, quick clearance

not very potent

Halothane

Inhalation Anesthetic

more anesthetic than analgesic

quick induction, quick clearance

Sevoflurane

Inhalation Anesthetic

quick induction, quick clearance

Propofol

IV Anesthetic

activates GABA receptors

high anesthetic, low analgesic

quick onset, quick clearance

Ketamine

IV Anesthetic

blocks excitatory glutamate receptors

dissociative anesthesia, analgesic

Thiopental

Anesthetic, ultra short acting barbiturate

Quick onset, slow clearance

Midazolam

Anesthetic/Anxiolytic

benzodiazepine, no analgesic effect

memory loss

Fentanyl

Anesthetic/Opiod

Analgesic effect, memory loss

Strong Mu agonist

very potent

Morphine

Anesthetic/Opiod

analgesic effect

Strong Mu and delta agonist

less potent than fentanyl

slow onset

Etomidate

Anesthetic

sedative, no analgesic effect

Quick onset and clearance

Lidocaine

Amide Local anesthetic

binds to alpha 1 acid glycoprotein to cause loss of sensation but no loss of consciousness

moderate to fast onset

Procaine

Ester Local anesthetic

rapid metabolism, slow onset

Clonazepam

Anxiolytic/hypnotic

long acting benzodiazepine

Lorazepam

Anxiolytic/hypnotic

intermediate acting benzodiazepine

Alprazolam

Anxiolytic/hypnotic

intermediate acting benzodiazepine

Diazepam

Anxiolytic/hypnotic/antiepilleptic

long acting benzo

treats seizures from withdrawal and epileptic events

Eszopiclone/zopiclone

Anxiolytic/hypnotic

same binding site as benzodiazepines but different family

Phenobarbital

Anxiolytic/hypnotic/antiepilleptic

long acting barbtiturate

treats febrile seizures, eclampsia, doesn’t treat petit mal seizures

Buspirone

non benzodiazepine anxiolytic

agonist to serotonin receptors

Flumazenil

antidote for Benzodiazepines

Phenytoin

Anti epileptic

blocks sodium ion channels

doesn’t treat petit mal

Carbamazepine

Anti epileptic

blocks sodium ion channels

doesn’t treat petit mal

Sodium Valproate

Anti epileptic

increases refractory period

prevents GABA breakdown by inhibiting GABA transaminase

L dopa

Anti Parkinson

precursor to dopamine that can cross BBB

Carbidopa

Anti Parkinson

inhibits DOPA decarboxylase to prevent L Dopa from turning to dopamine before it crosses BBB

Pramipexole

Anti Parkinson

DA receptor agonist

Selegiline

Anti Parkinson

MAO B inhibitor

causes creation of more dopamine vesicles

Entacapone

Anti Parkinson

COMT inhibitor

inhibits breakdown of DOPA and dopamine in periphery so more can reach the brain

Benztropine

Anti Parkinson

muscarinic antagonist

reestablishes balance between cholinergic and dopaminergic receptors

Chlorpromazine

Antipsychotic

D2 receptor blocker

Typical drug, penothiazine family, first gen

Treats positive schizophrenia

Haloperidol

Antipsychotic

D2 receptor blocker

Typical drug, butyrophenone family, first gen

treats positive schizophrenia

Clozapine

Antipsychotic

D2 and serotonin receptor blocker

atypical drug

treats positive and negative schizophrenia

Risperidone

Antipsychotic

D2 and serotonin blocker

atypical drug

treats positive and negative schizophrenia

Lithium carbonate

Anti manic depression

unclear mechanism

Imipramine

tricyclic antidepressant

binds to alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

Citalopram

SSRI antidepressant

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Fluoxetine

SSRI antidepressant

selective seratonin reuptake inhibitor

Venlafaxine

SNRI antidepressant

Serotonin NE reuptake inhibitor

Mirtazapine

Anti depressant

blocks alpha 2 and seratonergic receptors

Bupropion

NDRI antidepressant

NE dopamine reuptake inhibitors

nicotinic antagonist

Pethidine

Opioid/opiate

Strong agonist

Oxycodone

Opioid/opiate

strong agonist

Methadone

Opioid/opiate

Strong Mu agonist

Codeine

Opioid/opiate

moderate delta agonist

analgesic effect but less

Naloxone

(narcan)

antidote for Opioids

Diphenhydramine

Anti histamine (H1)

First gen blocker- drowsy

Loratadine

Anti histamine (H1)

Second gen blocker- non drowsy

Promethazine

Anti histamine (H1)

first gen blocker- drowsy

Fexofenadine

Anti histamine (H1)

Second gen blocker- non drowsy

Ranitidine

Anti ulcer

H2 blocker

prevents acid secretion in the stomach

Esomeprazole

Anti ulcer

Proton pump inhibitor

inhibits secretion of acidic ions into the stomach

Loperamide

Anti-diarrheal

Slows movement of intestines to keep food there longer

triggers Mu receptors in GI tract

Bisacodyl

Laxative

increases intestinal movement

Ondansetron

Anti-emetic

Lactulose

high osmolarity laxative

polysaccharide that can’t be absorbed so it pulls water into intestine

Acetyl Salicylic Acid

(aspirin) NSAID

Prevents synthesis of thromboxane (low dose)

prevents synthesis of prostacyclin (high dose)

inhibits cyclooxygenase found on platelets

Ibuprofen

non specific NSAID

Diclofenac

non specific NSAID

Naproxen

non specific NSAID

Paracetamol

blocks COX 3

antipyretic and analgesic

Celecoxib

NSAID

COX2 specific blocker

Acetyl cysteine

antidote to paracetamol

turns into glutathione which metabolizes paracetamol into non toxic

Montelukast

Anti asthmatic

Leukotriene antagonist

prevents bronchoconstriction

Theophylline

Anti asthmatic

same family as caffeine

relaxes bronchi

Salmeterol

Anti asthmatic

beta 2 agonist long term bronchodilator

Omazilumab

Anti asthmatic

antibody for IgE

prevents histamine release from mast cells

Simvastatin

Anti lipid

moderately potent statin

Fenofibrate

Anti lipid

fibric acid derivative

increases lipoprotein lipase activity

Ezetimibe

Anti lipid

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

stops absorbtion from diet

Niacin

Anti lipid

niacin acid medication

prevents lipolysis in fat tissue

Colestipol

Anti lipid

bile acid binding resin

Evolocumab

Anti lipid

PCSK9 antibodies

Heparin

Anti coagulant

endogenic clotting inhibitor

Enoxaparin

Anti coagulant

endogenic clotting inhibitor

low molecular weight heparin

Warfarin

Anti coagulant

prevents creation of clotting factors

antidote is vitamin K

Dipyridamole

Anti coagulant

increases cAMP levels

Clopidogrel

Anti coagulant

antiplatelet ADP pathway inhibitor

Apixaban

Anti coagulant

NOAC- new oral anti coagulant

Abciximab

Anti coagulant

Antiplatelet, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor

TPA: Alteplase

Anti coagulant

tissue plasminogen activator

second gen thrombolytic

breaks up current clots