Module 3 History and System

(The testing Movement)

Spearman augured that there is one factor of intelligence. What is it call?

General Intelligence

What was the testing movement

A movement creating standardized test to measure mental abilities

Which two psychologists help start early mental testing?

Galton and Cattell

What abilities did early mental test by Galton and Cattell measure?

Reaction time and grip strength

Where did early psychologist often conduct mental tests?

Public fairs

What is intelligence commonly defined as?

The ability to learn, reason, and solve problems

According to Spearman, intelligence is best described as:

One general factor called g

What does Spearman’s g factor represent?

General intelligence across many tasks

According to Thurstone, how many primary mental abilities exist?

7

Which of the following is one of Thurstone’s seven abilities

Perceptual speed

What does word fluency measure?

Ability to create or manipulate words

What does rote memory measure

Ability to repeat information from memory

Which psychologist proposed the multiple intelligences theory

Gardner

What did Gardner argue about intelligence

There are many type of intelligence

What is a power measure

A test measuring whether someone can solve a problem at all

What is a speeded test

A test measuring how quickly someone can answer questions

What biological concept explains faster thinking speed

Neural speed

Who created the first practical intelligence test?

Alfred Binet

What was Binet originally trained in?

Law

Why did Binet create intelligence test?

To identify students who need help in school

What does IQ stand for?

Intelligence Quotient

IQ compares what two things?

Mental age and chronological age

The IQ formal used in traditional testing

IQ = (Mental age / Chronological age) *100%

What IQ score represent average intelligence

100

What IQ score is typically consider gifted?

130

What IQ score is typically considered low intellectual functioning

70 or bellow

What is Head Start

A government preschool program for low-income children

What’s the main goal of Head Start

Help disadvantaged children catch up academically

What national program led to the creation of Head Start?

War on Poverty

What educational TV show was created in 1969 to help children learn at home?

Sesame Street

Why was Sesame Street set in an inner-city environment

to make the show relatable to urban children

Which psychologist study under Wilhelm Wundt and helped introduce mental testing to psychology?

James Cattell

What important contributions did James Cattell make to psychology?

Helped begin applied psychology and mental testing

What type of measurement did James Cattell use to study intelligence?

Reaction times and sensory test

Why was James Cattell removed from his position at Columbia University during WWI

He publicly spoke against the military draft

Which journal did James Cattell help develop or edit?

Psychological Review and Science

What were James Cattell views on eugenics

He supported eugenic ideas

Which psychologist revised the Binet intelligence test and created the Stanford-Binet

Lewis Terman

At which university did Lewis Terman work for most of his career

Stanford

What was Lewis Terman major contribution to psychology

Standardizing and promoting intelligence testing in the U.S

What controversial belief influenced Lewis Terman’s early thinking?

Eugenics

What group did Lewis Terman study in his famous longitudinal research?

Gifted children with very high IQ

What IQ level did most participants in Lewis Terman’s study with childern have?

Above 135

Who were the participants in Lewis Terman’s giftedness study

Mostly white, middle-class children born between 1900-1925

What stereotype about gifted children did Lewis Terman research challenge?

Gifted children are weak, socially awkward, and unhealthy

What factor did Lewis Terman find strongly influenced success in gifted individuals?

Motivation

What surprising health trait was common among Lewis Terman gifted participants?

Myopia (nearsightedness)

What has later research from Lewis Terman study suggested about longevity?

Gifted individual often had longer lifespans especially when motivated and successful

How did WWI affect psychology?

It expanded psychology role in testing, selection, and military research

What was the WWI term for severe psychological trauma from war?

Shell shock

The modern disorder is shell shock most similar to today

PTSD

How were soldiers with shell shock often treated during WWI?

Punishment or harsh treatments such as shock therapy

Which psychologist organized intelligence testing for the U.S. Army during WWI

Robert Yerkes

What type of scientist was Robert Yerkes before his working with intelligence testing?

Primatologist

What does the Yerkes-Dodson Law state?

Moderate stress leads to the best performance

Why was the Yerkes-Dodson Law important during wartime?

It helped understand how stress affect solider performance

What was the purpose of the Army Alpha test

Testing literate soldiers

What was the purpose of the Army Beta test?

Testing soldiers who could not read well

Which terms were historically used to classify level of intellectual disability?

Moron, imbecile, and idiot

Which test used ideas from Army intelligence tests to evaluate college applicants?

SAT

Who helped develop the SAT for college admissions?

Carl Brigham

What is a norming sample in psychological testing?

A group used to establish average scores for comparison

Why was the SAT originally called an aptitude test?

It was meant to measure potential ability rather than learned knowledge

Early IQ testing often assumed that test scores predicted

Intelligence and performance

Immigrants at Ellis Island and Angle Island were tested mainly to

determine mental fitness to enter the U.S,

Immigrants who had the most difficulty with early IQ tests were often from

Asia and Eastern Europe

A culture-free intelligence test tries to remove

Language and cultural bias

The Draw-a-Man Test was created by

Florence Goodenough

The Draw-A-Man Test measures intelligence by

Drawing a person with detail

Raven’s Progressive Matrices primarily test

Pattern recognition

Raven’s Progressive Matrices were developed by

Raymond Cattell

The Hawthorne Effect occurs when people

Change behaviors because they are being observed

The Hawthorne studies were conducted at

A power plant factory

Hugo Munsterberg is considered the father of

Industrial-organizational psychology

Hugo Munsterberg studied under

Wundt

Munsterberg used psychology to help

Select workers for jobs

Munsterberg argued that eyewitness testimony is often

Unreliable

Insight refers to

Sudden understanding

Clever Hans was a

Horse

Clever Hans appeared to solve

math problems

Research discovered Clever Hans was responding to

Hidden signals from people

Robert Yerkes studied animals learning using

Maze test

Yerkes used which animals in his maze research

rates

Edward Thorndike believed animals learn through:

Trial and error

Ivan Pavlov studied

Dogs

Thorndike is known for the:

Puzzle box

A puzzle box was used to study

Animal learning

Thorndike learning theory is called:

Connectionism

The Law of Effect states:

Behavior followed by reward is repeated

The Law of Exercise means

Practice strengthens connections

Trial and error learning means:

Repeated attempts

Pavlov originally studied

Digestion

Who won the Noble Prize and why

Pavlov digestion research

Classical conditioning involves:

Pairing stimuli

John B. Watson is known for:

Behaviorism

Behaviorism focuses on:

Observable behavior

Watson believed psychology should:

Be objective and measurable

Removing mentalistic terms means removing:

internal mental explanations

Watson believed emotions are:

Physiological responses

Watson believed humans have how many basic emotions

3