Irreversible Cell Injury (Cell Death)

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to irreversible cell injury and different forms of cell death as discussed in the lecture.

Apoptosis

A form of programmed cell death characterized by coordinated cellular processes.

Necrosis

Irreversible cell death characterized by focal death and inflammation due to the degradation of tissues.

Autolysis

Self-digestion of cells by their own hydrolytic enzymes released from lysosomes.

Coagulative Necrosis

A type of necrosis resulting from irreversible focal injury, commonly due to loss of blood flow.

Liquefaction Necrosis

Necrosis due to the degradation of tissue by hydrolytic enzymes, resulting in a liquid mass.

Caseous Necrosis

A type of necrosis associated with tuberculosis characterized by a cheese-like appearance.

Fat Necrosis

Refers to focal areas of fat destruction, often in acute pancreatitis.

Fibrinoid Necrosis

Characterized by deposition of fibrin-like material in vessel walls, often associated with immunologic injury.

Gangrene

A serious condition caused by insufficient blood supply leading to tissue death.

Dystrophic Calcification

Deposition of calcium salts in dead or degenerated tissues with normal serum calcium levels.

Metastatic Calcification

Deposits of calcium salts in normal tissues associated with hypercalcemia.

Chromatin condensation

A morphological change during apoptosis where chromatin becomes denser and migrates.

Caspases

Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteases that are key in executing apoptosis.

Bcl-2 family

A family of proteins that regulate apoptosis by controlling mitochondrial membrane permeability.

Intrinsic Pathway

A pathway of apoptosis triggered by internal stress signals, often involving mitochondria.

Extrinsic Pathway

A pathway of apoptosis that is activated by death receptors on the cell membrane.