Directional Terms and Histology

Biol 251 Quiz 1

axial

cephalic

occipital

frontal

otic

orbital

nasal

oral

mental

cervical

dorsal

scapular

vertebral

lumbar

sacral

gluteal

thoracic

sternal

mammary

axillary

abdominal

umbilical

pelvic

inguinal

pubic

perineal

appendicular

acromial

brachial

antecubital

olecranal

antebrachial

carpal

manus

coxal

femoral

patellar

popliteal

crural

sural

peroneal

calcaneal

plantar

mucous membrane

soft tissue that lines the body's canals and organs that are open to the outside

location: digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems

serous membrane

a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium lining the contents and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid to allow lubricated sliding movements between opposing surfaces

visceral pleura

parietal pleura

visceral pericardium

parietal pericardium

visceral peritoneum

parietal peritoneum

sagittal plane

frontal/coronal plane

transverse plane

dorsal/posterior

ventral/anterior

lateral

medial

distal

proximal

superficial

deep

superior

inferior

digestive/gastrointestinal cavity

respiratory tract

reproductive tract

urinary tract

cranial cavity

vertebral cavity

pleural cavity

pericardial cavity

mediastinum

abdominal cavity

pelvic cavity

tissue

any grouping of cells in the body that are similar in structure and carry out a similar function

epithelial tissue

a covering tissue that is often found as the innermost lining of hollow organs and body cavities, along with organs that lead immediately outside the body

simple epithelium

epithelial tissue with one layer

stratified epithelium

epithelial tissue with two or more layers

squamous epithelium

epithelia made of flattened cells

cuboidal epithelium

epithelia made of cube-like cells

columnar epithelium

epithelia made of rectangular cells

simple squamous epithelia

epithelia composed of a single layer of flattened cells

function: allows substances to cross quickly and easily

location: alveoli in lungs

stratified squamous epithelia

epithelia composed of multiple layers of flattened cells that provide a protective quality without being excessively thick

function: reduces friction

location: mouth lining

simple cuboidal epithelia

epithelia composed of cube-shaped cells that are usually found in a circular pattern

function: absorption or secretion

location: kidney tubes

simple columnar epithelia

epithelia composed of cube-shaped cells that frequently have microvilli or cilia

function: absorption or secretion

location: GI tract lining

pseudostratified columnar epithelia

epithelia composed of cube-shaped cells with cilia that appears to contain multiple layers

function: produce and secrete mucous to prevent infection

location: lungs

transitional epithelia

epithelia composed of stratified cells in which the cell shape varies from layer to layer, starting out as cuboidal/columnar cells and transitioning into more variety in higher layers

function: shape variation, stretching

location: urinary bladder

skin

stratified squamous epithelium that contains keratin

keratin

a fibrous protein seen most heavily in the outermost skin layers and provides skin with protective qualities

connective tissue

tissue functioning as support, protection, insulation, storage, and transport

loose areolar connective tissue

widespread connective tissue that holds organs, tissues, and anatomical structures in place

adipose tissue (fat)

connective tissue found under the skin and various organs that are used as a cushion to absorb shock and store energy reserves; characterized by empty-looking cells

dense connective tissue

connective tissue that is tightly packed, and is therefore very resistant to tension and found in areas that are frequently pushed and pulled, such as tendons and ligaments