Chapter 7 - Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Transition metals either

________ have partially full d subshells or quickly produce cations with partially filled d subshells.

Pauli exclusion principle

The ________ is used to determine electron configurations in many- electron atoms.

Physicists

________ have looked into the properties of emission spectra, or the continuous or line spectra of radiation released by substances.

lightwave theory

The ________ is a hypothesis that describes how light travels through space.

electron configurations

Except for hydrogen and helium, the ________ of all elements are represented by a noble gas core.

similar spots

The distance between ________ on successive waves is measured in wavelength.

paramagnetic refers

The term "________ to materials that have net unpaired spins and are attracted to a magnet.

de Broglie

An electron bound to the nucleus, according to ________, acts as a standing wave.

vertical distance

The ________ between a wave's midline and its peak or trough is called amplitude.

photoelectric effect

The ________ is a process in which electrons are ejected from the surface of certain metals when they are exposed to light with a minimum frequency, known as the threshold frequency.

wave function

The ________ of an electron in an atom is known as an atomic orbital.

Photons

________ are the new name for these light particles.

Light emission

________ at specific wavelengths is represented by line spectra.

Diamagnetic materials

________ have no net unpaired spins and are somewhat repelled by magnets.

atomic orbitals

According to the Aufbau principle, as protons are added one by one to the nucleus to form the elements, electrons are similarly added to the ________.

p orbitals

The ________ begin with the primary quantum number n= 2 as should be obvious.

thermal energy

Energizing a sample of the material with ________ or another source of energy can reveal a substance's emission spectrum.

number of waves

The ________ that travel through a specific place in one second is known as the frequency v (nu)

Werner Heisenberg

________ developed the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states: It is impossible to know the momentum p and the position of a particle with certainty at the same time.

light beam

He (Einstein) proposed that a(n) ________ is a stream of particles.

quantum numbers

Three ________ are necessary for quantum mechanics to represent the distribution of electrons in hydrogen and other atoms.

electromagnetic wave

A(n) ________ has an electric field component and a magnetic field component, according to Maxwell's theory.