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Globalization
Increasing interconnectedness of people, products, ideas.
Modernization Theory
Explains development through technological and cultural progress.
Dependency Theory
Suggests developing nations rely on developed nations.
Fast Fashion
Rapid production of inexpensive clothing to meet trends.
Global Supply Chains
Networks of production and distribution across countries.
Commodity Chains
Process from raw materials to consumer products.
Global Assembly Line
Production system utilizing low-cost labor worldwide.
The Global Village
Concept of a smaller world due to globalization.
Influencers
Individuals who impact consumer behavior through social media.
Parasocial Relationships
One-sided relationships between influencers and followers.
Labour Rights
Legal rights of workers to fair treatment.
Child Labour
Employment of children in unsafe or exploitative conditions.
Sweatshops
Factories with poor working conditions and low wages.
Environmental Concerns
Issues related to ecological health and sustainability.
Consumerism
Societal focus on acquiring goods and services.
False Consciousness
Misunderstanding of social conditions by individuals.
Cultural Impact
Influence of culture on consumer behavior and trends.
Social Media Platforms
Websites for social interaction and content sharing.
Micro-Trend Cycles
Short-lived fashion trends driven by social media.
Health Risks
Negative health effects from industrial production practices.
Water Contamination
Pollution of water sources due to industrial waste.
CO2 Emissions
Carbon dioxide released from production processes.
Fast Fashion
Affordable clothing produced rapidly to meet trends.
Environmental Costs
Negative impacts on nature from production processes.
Human Costs
Social issues like labor rights violations in production.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Measures development via life expectancy, education, income.
Gini Index
Quantifies income inequality from 0 (equal) to 1 (unequal).
Functionalist Perspective
Views society as a system of interdependent parts.
Modernization Theory
Suggests stages of economic development for countries.
High Mass Consumption
Stage of economic development with widespread consumerism.
Drive to Maturity
Development of a diverse industrial and commercial base.
Takeoff Stage
Rapid growth in manufacturing sector begins.
Preconditions for Takeoff
Initial commercial exploitation of agriculture and resources.
Traditional Society
Characterized by limited technology and static economy.
Debt Relief
Cancellation of extreme debts owed by poorer nations.
Development Assistance
Financial aid from one government to another.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Global goals to address key issues by 2030.
Millennium Development Goals
Set of global development goals established in 2000.
Poverty Eradication Goal
Aim to eliminate extreme poverty globally.
Gender Equality Goal
Promotes equal rights and opportunities for all genders.
Climate Change Combat Goal
Efforts to mitigate climate change impacts.
Maternal Welfare Improvement
Enhancing health and well-being of mothers.
Child Mortality Reduction
Goal to lower deaths of children under five.
Combatting Disease Goal
Addressing health challenges and epidemics globally.
Consumer Privacy
Concerns regarding data protection in fast fashion.
Conflict Perspective
Critiques modernization theory, focusing on power dynamics.
Social Inequalities
Reflect deeper systems of power and oppression.
Ruling Group Interests
Social institutions often reflect dominant group's needs.
World Systems Theory
Analyzes global power relations and economic exchanges.
Core Countries
Dominate and exploit less powerful nations economically.
Periphery Countries
Dependent on core for resources and labor.
Semi-Periphery Countries
Exhibit traits of both core and periphery.
Economic Dependency
Maintained under global capitalism despite political independence.
New Dependency Considerations
Includes climate change, tech, and information flows.
Vandana Shiva
Critiques artificial hunger as a war instrument.
Food Production Sustainability
Advocates local, non-violent food growth practices.
Economic Elite
Small group capturing majority of capitalist profits.
Wealth Distribution
Economic growth does not equate to wealth sharing.
Class Interests
Elites collaborate across rich and poor nations.
Ideological Distortion
Conceals systemic issues, scapegoats marginalized groups.
Global Poverty Function
Serves wealthy states, not the global community.
Economic Inequality Benefits
Wealthy states gain from existence of poor states.
Monocropping
Cultivation of a single crop, impacting food security.
Cash Crops
Crops grown for sale, not local consumption.
Fair Trade
Trade that promotes equitable conditions for producers.
Artificial Hunger
Created by systemic issues, not natural scarcity.
Right to Food
Food access must be guaranteed as a fundamental right.
Fast Fashion
A trend reflecting high mass consumption stage.
Modernization Theory
Explains societal progress through economic development.
World Systems Theory
Analyzes global inequalities through core-periphery dynamics.
Core Countries
Wealthy nations extracting resources from poorer countries.
Periphery Countries
Less developed nations providing cheap labor and goods.
Semi-Periphery Countries
Nations with intermediate economic status and influence.
Gini Index
Measures income inequality within a population.
Human Development Index
Composite measure of life quality and economic health.
Ecological Footprint
Measures environmental impact of individual or population.
Cash Crops
Crops produced for commercial value rather than subsistence.
Brain Drain
Migration of educated individuals from poorer states.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Business practices aimed at benefiting society.
Worker-Driven Social Responsibility Network
Advocacy for garment workers' rights in fashion industry.
Feminist Sociology
Studies gender inequalities in various societal spheres.
Occupational Segregation
Division of jobs based on gender roles.
Wage Gap
Disparity in earnings between different demographic groups.
Reproductive Justice
Focus on rights related to reproductive health.
Generational Trauma
Psychological effects passed down through generations.
Cultural Trends
Fashion influences spread globally from core countries.
Social Science
Field studying human behavior and societal structures.
Inclusivity in Marketing
Efforts to represent diverse groups in advertising.
Sexual Harassment
Unwanted sexual advances in workplace or society.
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