OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT

Flashcards related to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

OXYGEN (O2)

Key factor for aerobic metabolism and a substrate used by cells in max quantity.

OXYGEN TRANSPORT

Carried in the blood bound to Hb (97-98%) or dissolved in plasma (<2%).

Henry's Law

Amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to its partial pressure.

HAEMOGLOBIN

Iron-Porphyrin compound, normal adult = HbA = α2β2.

Hb F

Hb F= α2γ2. The γ chains ↑ Hb affinity to O2.

OXYHAEMOGLOBIN

When oxygen binds to haemoglobin, it forms __.

Oxygen Saturation

Ratio of oxygen bound to Hb compared to total amount that can be bound.

Oxygen Capacity

Maximal amount of O2 bound to Hb.

O2 CONTENT

The sum of O2 carried on Hb and dissolved in plasma.

Utilization Coefficient

The % of blood that gives up its oxygen as it passes through the tissue capillaries.

PO2 in Atmospheric Air

PO2 in the atmospheric air is 160mmHg.

PaO2

Approximate normal value of PaO2 is 104 mm Hg.

O2 diffusion capacity

Normal 02 diffusion capacity at alveolo-capillary membrane is 25 ml/min/mmHg.

Venous Admixture

Mixing of shunted,non-reoxygenated blood with reoxygenated blood distal to the alveoli

Pulmonary Shunt

Portion of the cardiac output that enters the left side of the heart without coming in contact with an alveolus.

Venous Admixture

Mixing of shunted, non-reoxygenated blood with reoxygenated blood distal to the alveoli.

OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE (ODC)

Amount of Haemoglobin saturation at different PO₂ values.

P50

The partial pressure at which the hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen, typically 26.6 mm Hg in adults.

Right Shift

Decrease the loading of oxygen onto Hb at the Alveolo-Capillary membrane.

Left Shift

Enhance the loading capability of oxygen at the Alveolo-Capillary membrane.

Increased blood temperature

Reduces haemoglobin affinity for O2, hence more O2 is delivered to warmed- up tissue.

Myoglobin

Single chained heme pigment found in skeletal muscle.

Fetal Hemoglobin

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin.

2,3-DPG (DiPhosphoGlycerate)

Organic phosphate normally found in the RBC, produced during Anaerobic glycolysis in RBCS.

CARBON DIOXIDE

Volatile waste product of aerobic metabolism.

Chloride Shift

Moves out of the erythrocytes into the plasma in exchange for Cl- ions & the excess H+ions bind to deoxyhemoglobin.

Reverse Chloride Shift

The reverse of chloride shift that occurs in the pulmonary capillaries.

Hematocrit

Ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood

Haldane Effect

combination of oxygen with hemoglobin in the lungs causes the hemoglobin to become a stronger acid

Bohr's Effect

effect by which the presence of CO2 decreases the affinity of Hb for O2

Carbonic Anhydrase

Enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid.

Carbaminohemoglobin

Compound of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin, one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood.

Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)

Ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed.

Hypoxia

Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching

OXYGEN (O2)

Key factor for aerobic metabolism and a substrate used by cells in max quantity.

OXYGEN TRANSPORT

Carried in the blood bound to Hb (97-98%) or dissolved in plasma (<2%).

Henry's Law

Amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to its partial pressure.

HAEMOGLOBIN

Iron-Porphyrin compound, normal adult = HbA = α2β2.

Hb F

Hb F= α2γ2. The γ chains ↑ Hb affinity to O2.

OXYHAEMOGLOBIN

When oxygen binds to haemoglobin, it forms __.

Oxygen Saturation

Ratio of oxygen bound to Hb compared to total amount that can be bound.

Oxygen Capacity

Maximal amount of O2 bound to Hb.

O2 CONTENT

The sum of O2 carried on Hb and dissolved in plasma.

Utilization Coefficient

The % of blood that gives up its oxygen as it passes through the tissue capillaries.

PO2 in Atmospheric Air

PO2 in the atmospheric air is 160mmHg.

PaO2

Approximate normal value of PaO2 is 104 mm Hg.

O2 diffusion capacity

Normal 02 diffusion capacity at alveolo-capillary membrane is 25 ml/min/mmHg.

Venous Admixture

Mixing of shunted,non-reoxygenated blood with reoxygenated blood distal to the alveoli

Pulmonary Shunt

Portion of the cardiac output that enters the left side of the heart without coming in contact with an alveolus.

Venous Admixture

Mixing of shunted, non-reoxygenated blood with reoxygenated blood distal to the alveoli.

OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE (ODC)

Amount of Haemoglobin saturation at different PO₂ values.

P50

The partial pressure at which the hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen, typically 26.6 mm Hg in adults.

Right Shift

Decrease the loading of oxygen onto Hb at the Alveolo-Capillary membrane.

Left Shift

Enhance the loading capability of oxygen at the Alveolo-Capillary membrane.

Increased blood temperature

Reduces haemoglobin affinity for O2, hence more O2 is delivered to warmed- up tissue.

Myoglobin

Single chained heme pigment found in skeletal muscle.

Fetal Hemoglobin

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin.

2,3-DPG (DiPhosphoGlycerate)

Organic phosphate normally found in the RBC, produced during Anaerobic glycolysis in RBCS.

CARBON DIOXIDE

Volatile waste product of aerobic metabolism.

Chloride Shift

Moves out of the erythrocytes into the plasma in exchange for Cl- ions & the excess H+ions bind to deoxyhemoglobin.

Reverse Chloride Shift

The reverse of chloride shift that occurs in the pulmonary capillaries.

Hematocrit

Ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood

Haldane Effect

combination of oxygen with hemoglobin in the lungs causes the hemoglobin to become a stronger acid

Bohr's Effect

effect by which the presence of CO2 decreases the affinity of Hb for O2

Carbonic Anhydrase

Enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid.

Carbaminohemoglobin

Compound of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin, one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood.

Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)

Ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed.