Quick and easy medical terminology 10th edition: PART 1 (set 2)

megal/o, -megaly

large, enlargement

metr/o, -meter, -metry

measure, measurement

measuring instrument

the process of measuring something

path/o, -pathy

disease

phag/o, -phagia, -phagic, -phagy

eat, ingest, swallowing

phas/o, -phasia

speech

pleg/o, -plegia

paralysis

schis/o, schiz/o, schist/o, -schisis

split, cleft

scler/o, -sclerosis

hardening

scop/o, -scope, -scopy

to examine, instrument for examining, process of examining

troph/o, -trophic, -trophy

nutrition

aer/o

air

blast/o

embryonic form

cancer/o, carcin/o

cancer

cephal/o

head

cry/o

cold

crypt/o

hidden

dips/o

thirst

electr/o

electricity

fibr/o

fiber

hist/o

tissue

myc/o

fungus

narc/o

stupor

optic/o, opt/o

vision

phon/o

voice

phot/o

light

therm/o

heat

top/o

position

trache/o

trachea

blood pressure: what is it

pressure exerted by the circulating blood on artery and vein walls and on chambers of the heart

Systolic blood pressure (highest point)

max pressure on artery

diastolic blood pressure (lowest point)

pressure when heart is relaxed

signs vs symptoms

signs (objective, perceived by examiner) symptoms (subjective, perceived by patient)

acute vs chronic

acute (short and severe corse of disease) chronic (disease exists over long time)

inspection

examiner uses the eyes and ears to observe and listen to the patient

palpation

examiner feels the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts with the hands

percussion

examiner taps the body with the fingertips or fist to evaluate the size, borders, and consistency of internal organs and to determine the amount of fluid in a body cavity

auscultation

Listening with a stethoscope

radiology word parts: ech/o, son/o

sound

radiology word parts: flur/o

emitting or reflecting light

radiology word parts: radi/o

radiant energy

radiology word parts: tom/o

to cut

radiography

x-ray imaging

radiopaque

substances that do not permit the passage of x-rays

radiolucent

a substance that allows x-rays to pass through

Diagnostic imaging: computed tomography (CT)

uses ionized radiation to produce a detailed image of a cross section of tissue

Diagnostic Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

creates images of internal structures based on the magnetic properties of chemical elements within the body, uses magnetic field and radio waves

Diagnostic imaging: ultrasonography (ultrasound imaging)

imaging deep structures of the body by sending and receiving high frequency sound waves that reflect back as echos to create an image

Diagnostic imaging: fluroscopy

visual examination of internal organs using fluoroscope (continuous x-ray image of motion of internal structures)

Diagnostic Imaging:

position emission tomography (PET) scan

nuclear medicine scan combining computed tomography and radioactive substances to produce enhanced images of body structures

radio therapy

treatment of tumors using radiation to destroy cancer cells

Treatment word parts: algesi/o

sensitivity to pain

Treatment word parts: chem/o

chemical

Treatment word parts: pharmac/o, pharmaceut/i

drugs or medicine

Treatment word parts: plast/o

repair

Treatment word parts: therapeut/o

treatment

Treatment word parts: tox/o

poison

Treatment word parts: -therapy

treatment

organization of the body

atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism

four main tissue types

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

epithelial tissue

forms the covering of both internal and external surfaces (skin + lining of cavities)

connective tissue

Supports, binds, and protects other tissues.

muscular tissue

composed of fibers that are able to contract, causing movement of body parts and organs

nervous tissue

conducts electrical impulses that connect brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body

muscular system

makes movement possible

skelital system

provides protection, form, + shape for body and stores minerals and forms some blood cells

cardiovascular system

delivers oxygen, nutrients, + vital substances to the body; transports cellular waste to lungs and kidneys for excretion

respiratory system

Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.

digestive system

provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals; removes solid wastes

urinary system

filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, maintains fluid and electrolyte balance

reproductive system

facilitates procreation

integumentary system

provides external covering for protection, regulates body temperature and water content

nervous system

coordinates reception of stimuli, transmits messages to stimulate movement

endocrine system

secretes hormones + regulates body activities

abnormal development of tissue: ana-

upward, excessive, or again

abnormal development of tissue: -plasia

development or formation of tissue

ex: aplasia: lack of development if an organ or tissue

hypoplasia

underdevelopment of an organ or tissue

hyperplasia

abnormal increase in # of cells in tissue

hypertorphy

increase in size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of existing cells rather than # of cells (hyperplasia)

anatomic position

person standing erect with arms @ sides and palms forward

Directional terms: anterior (anter/o)

nearer or toward the front

Directional terms: posterior (posteri/o)

nearer or toward the back

Directional terms: ventral (ventr/o)

belly side, same as anterior in humans

Directional terms: dorsal (dors/o)

back side, same as posterior in humans

Directional terms: median/ medial (medi/o)

middle

Directional terms: lateral (later/o)

toward the side, farther from midline

Directional terms: superior (super/o)

uppermost or above

Directional terms: inferior (infer/o)

lowermost or below

Directional terms: proximal (proxim/o) and distal (dist/o)

proximal: near the origin or point of attachment

distal: away from point of attachment

Directional terms: cephalad (cephal/o)

toward the head

Directional terms: caudad (caud/o)

toward the tail

Directional terms: internal (intern/o)

inside

Directional terms: external (extern/o)

outside

frontal plane

Divides the body into front and back portions.

transverse plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

midsagital plane

divides body into left and right sides

prone position

laying on stomach

supine position

laying on back

recumbent

laying down

pronation

turning of hand so palm faces downward

supination

turning of hand so palm faces upward