British Colonial Political System and Economic Policies

Practice flashcards based on the British colonial political system and economic policies, including mercantilism and the Navigation Acts.

What gave colonies a great deal of freedom after initial settlement?

British political inefficiency and distance across the Atlantic Ocean.

Who were the governors in most colonies, and what was their greatest power?

Governors were appointed by the king and could dissolve the colonial assembly.

What was the role of the upper house in colonial government?

Members of the upper house were appointed by the king, acted as advisors to the governor, and served as a 'Supreme Court'.

What was unique about the lower house in colonial governments?

The lower house was elected by qualified voters and had financial power to levy and collect taxes.

What event briefly attempted to centralize control of New England?

The Dominion of New England from 1686 to 1689.

Who founded Georgia and for what purpose?

James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a buffer between Spanish Florida and South Carolina.

What restrictions did James Oglethorpe impose in Georgia?

He limited land grants, banned rum, prohibited slavery, and regulated trade with the Indians.

What economic system is based on trade, colonies, and wealth accumulation?

Mercantilism.

What were colonies expected to provide to the mother country under mercantilism?

Raw materials.

What did Adam Smith's 'Wealth of Nations' promote in contrast to mercantilism?

Free trade (laissez-faire) and less government regulation.

What were the Beaver Wars?

Conflicts between the Iroquois Confederacy and the French and their Indian allies over control of the fur trade.

What did beaver pelts trade for among Native tribes?

Advanced weapons, tools, beads, and other European goods.

What was the impact of the Navigation Acts on colonial trade?

They regulated, monopolized, and taxed American trade, requiring certain goods to be shipped only to Britain.