Unit 4 APUSH

Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11

Republicanism

a complex, changing body of idea,s values, and assumptions that developed in the United States in the late 1790s and early 1800s around Thomas JEfferson and James Madison’s political campaigns for the presidency

Tariff

a tax on imports into any nation

Midnight judges

the name the Jeffersonian Democratic Republicans gave to those judges appointed by the outgoing Federalists president John Adams, one was Marbury of Marbury v. Madison

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court decision of 1803 that created the precedent of judicial review by ruling part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional

Judicial Review

a power implied in the Constitution that gives federal courts the right to review and determine the constitutionality of acts passed by Congress and state legislatures; secured by Marbury v. Madison

Wall of separation between church and state

a phrase coined by Thomas Jefferson to make clear his belief that the First Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed that governments should not interfere with the work of churches, and churches should not interfere with, or expect support from, the government.

Religious establishment

the name given to a state

Deist

One who has religious orientation that rejects divine revelation and holds that the workings of nature alone reveal God’s design of the universe and that all will be revealed at the end

Second Great Awakening

a series of religious revivals in the first half of the 1800s characterized by the great emotionalism in large public meetings, follows First Great Awakening

Louisiana Purchase

1803; the US purchase of vast land holdings that France claimed align the west side of the Mississippi River beginning in new Orleans and extending to the Canadian border; nearly tripled US property

Corps of Discovery

the name given to the expedition led by Lewis and Clark in 1804 to 1806 that explored the Louisiana Purchase land and the Oregon lands extending to the West Coast

Embargo Act

An act passed by Congress In 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port

Non-Intercourse Act

passed by Congress In 1809, an act designed to modify the Embargo Act by limiting it to trade with Britain and France so as to extend US commerce in the rest of the world; they could trade with anyone but Britain and France

War Hawks

members of Congress, mostly from the South and West, who aggressively pushed for a war against Britain after their election in 1810

The Hartford Convention

A meeting of Federalist delegates from the New England states to protest the continuation of the War of 1812

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty signed in December 1814 between the United States and Britain that ended the War of 1812

Adams-Onís Treaty

An 1819 treaty between the United States and Spain that led to the American acquisition of Florida and american rights in Oregon Territory in return for a $5 million payment to Spain

Monroe Doctrine

A declaration by President James Monroe in 1823 that the Western Hemisphere was to be closed off to further European colonization and that the United State would not allow European interference in the internal affairs of independent nation anywhere in the Americas