Cell Structure - OCR Biology A-level

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to cell structure in biology, focusing on both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Ultrastructure

The detailed structure of cells that can be observed using a microscope.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane, containing pores and housing chromatin and a nucleolus.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

A series of flattened sacs with ribosomes on the surface, where proteins are folded and processed.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

A system of membrane-bound sacs that produces and processes lipids.

Golgi Apparatus

A series of fluid-filled, flattened sacs that process and package proteins and lipids, producing lysosomes.

Mitochondria

Oval-shaped organelles with a double membrane, involved in respiration and energy production.

Centrioles

Hollow cylinders made of microtubules, involved in cell division.

Ribosomes

Complexes composed of two subunits that serve as the site of protein production.

Lysosome

A vesicle containing digestive enzymes, bound by a single membrane.

Cytoskeleton

The framework within the cell that provides mechanical strength and aids in transport and movement.

Exocytosis

The process by which proteins like extracellular enzymes are released from the cell.

Prokaryotic cells

Simple cells without a nucleus, characterized by a rigid cell wall and other structures like plasmids and flagella.

Peptidoglycan

A substance forming the cell wall of many bacteria, providing structural support.

Plasmid

A circular piece of DNA found in prokaryotic cells.

Flagellum

A tail-like structure that enables movement in some bacteria.

Pili

Hair-like structures on the outer surface of prokaryotic cells that aid in adherence to surfaces.