CALCIUM MEASUREMENT
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59 Terms
Bones
blood
Calcium
Location: _ (99%), _ (1%)
Ionized Ca2+
Protein-bound Ca2+
Complex Ca2+
Calcium
Total Ca2+ in the blood is divided into 3 forms:
Ionized Ca2+
Calcium
3 forms:
Unbound, active, 45% of total Ca+2
Protein-bound Ca2+
Calcium
3 forms:
40% bound to albumin
Complex Ca2+
Calcium
3 forms:
10% carboxylated Ca+2
extracellular fluid
cytosol
Calcium
Remaining 1%: Found in the _ _; also found in the _ in the cells
Neuromuscular activity
Cardiac concentration
Cell permeability
Coagulation (Factor IV)
Structure of bones and teeth
Calcium
Functions (5)
200
Calcium is excreted at _ mg/day (urine and bile)
Parathyroid Hormone
Hypercalcemic Hormone
Parathyroid Hormone
Bone resorption – activated osteoclasts break down bones and subsequently release calcium levels into the bloodstream
Found in parathyroid glands
Activated Vitamin D (1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol)
Intestinal reabsorption and enhances the effect of PTH on bone resorption
Calcitonin
Hypocalcemic Hormone
Calcitonin
Bone deposition
Decreases calcium levels by making the calcium enter the bone repository
Hypocalcemia
PTH is activated due to the parathyroid gland sensing that there is hypocalcemia in the bloodstream
Parathyroid gland
secretes PTH which goes into the bone and kidney
Bone
PTH stimulates osteoclastic activity which releases Ca2+ and HPO4-
Kidney
PTH promotes absorption of Ca2+, excretion of HPO4-, and activation of renal 1-a-hydroxylase (important in the activation of Vitamin D)
Intestine
Once Vitamin D is activated:
Promotes intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and HPO4-
Kidney
Once Vitamin D is activated:
Promotes renal reabsorption of Ca2+ and HPO4-
Activated Vitamin D
Once Vitamin D is activated:
found in the small intestine
Hypercalcemia
When the parathyroid gland senses _ in the bloodstream, the secretion of PTH stops
Calcitonin
found in the medullary cells of the thyroid gland
2.13-2.63
2.24-2.53
REFERENCE RANGES FOR CALCIUM (BISHOP) | |
Total Calcium–Serum, Plasma | |
Child, <3 y | _-_ mmol/L (8.5-10.5 mg/dL) |
Adult | _-_ mmol/L (9.0-10.1 mg/dL) |
1.15-1.33
REFERENCE RANGES FOR CALCIUM (BISHOP) | |
Ionized Calcium–Serum | |
Adult | _-_ mmol/L (4.6-5.3 mg/dL) |
1.15-1.27
REFERENCE RANGES FOR CALCIUM (BISHOP) | |
Ionized Calcium–Whole Blood | |
Adult | _-_ mmol/L (4.6-5.1 mg/dL |
Primary Hypoparathyroidism
Primary Causes of Hypocalcemia