structure and bonding: angular wavefunctions

angular wavefunction for s wavefunctions

• spherical

boundary surface

• within boundary surface there is a 90% probability of finding the electron

• can be anything but 100% probability as this is at infinity

angular wavefunction for 2p wavefunctions

• 3 orientations: p_x, p_y, p_z

• have 1 angular node

• dumbbell shape - 2 potatoes

angular probability function for 2p

• wavelength squared is the probability of finding a 2p electron at a given point

• this elongates the boundary surface

• chemists draw dumbbell with one shaded side - shading represents sign of wavefunction

total wavefunction

product of multiplying the radial and angular wavefunctions together

angular wavefunctions for 3d wavefunctions

• 5 orientations

• 2 angular nodes

• 2 types of d wavefunction:

d_xy, d_xz, d_yz - point between the axes, xz and yz planes are nodes

d_x²-y² - points along x and y axes

d_z² - points along z with a torus in the xy plane