Midterm Objectives - Honors Chemistry

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the Midterm exam for Honors Chemistry, focusing on topics such as lab safety, metric measurement, atomic structure, and ionic bonding.

Lab Safety

Know lab safety rules and procedures for chemistry.

Metric Units

Basic units/symbols for mass, volume, and density in chemistry.

Dimensional Analysis

A method used to convert between units.

Significant Digits

Digits in a number that contribute to its precision.

Scientific Notation

A way of expressing numbers using powers of ten.

Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision describes how consistently measurements yield the same result.

Pure Substances

Elements and compounds that cannot be separated into simpler substances.

Phases of Matter

Different states of matter: solid, liquid, gas and their properties.

Atomic Structure

The arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

Mole

A unit of measurement in chemistry for counting entities (atoms, molecules, etc.).

Electromagnetic Radiation

Energy waves, including visible light, that can be characterized by wavelength, frequency, and energy.

Aufbau Principle

Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first before moving to higher levels.

Ion

An atom or molecule that has a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Nuclear Fusion

The process of combining two light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of elements organized by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound.

Crystal Lattice Structure

A three-dimensional arrangement of ions in an ionic compound.

Empirical Formula

A formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound.