Type II Hypersensitivity: Cytotoxic/ADCC

1. Type I: Allergic, Anaphylaxis, and Atopy

2. Type II: AntiBody

3. Type III: Immune Complex

4. Type IV: Delayed

What are the "ABC's" for Type I, II, III, and IV sensitivity?

IgG

What antibody is associated with type II hypersensitivity reactions?

Type II hypersensitivity

Specific cell or tissue (tissue-specific antigens) is the target of an immune response

Complement and phagocytosis

When IgG antibodies bind altered molecules on host cells, this leads to their destruction by what?

Penicillin

What is a classic example of a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Erythrocytes

Penicillin causes a type II hypersensitivity reaction by modifying proteins on human ______________ to create foreign epitopes

1. Lysis by complement

2. Phagocytosis (macrophages)

3. Killing by ADCC (through NK cells)

4. Altered function

What are the mechanisms of type II mediated cell damage? (4)

1. Pemphigus

2. Grave's disease

3. Myasthenia gravis

What are examples of anti-receptor diseases associated with type II reactions?

1. Blood group incompatibility

2. Anemia due to erythrocytotropic agents

3. Drug associated anemia

4. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

What are examples of hematologic disorders associated with type II reactions?

A

T or F: Transfusions can give rise to life threatening type II hypersensitivity response

Carbohydrates

The major immunogenetic barrier to transfusion is the structural polymorphisms of the ____________ decorating the erythrocyte surface

Natural antibodies

Antibodies that are present without any known exposure to the relevant antigen

1. Prior exposure to a foreign blood type

2. Production of naturally occurring antibodies

Why might an animal have antibodies to blood group antigens?

Neonatal isoerythrolysis

Foal's red blood cells are destroyed by antibodies in the mare's colostrum

AB

What are cat's blood group system?

B

T or F: Natural antibodies to blood group antigens are common in dogs

DEA 1 system

What is the most important system of canine blood types?

Greyhounds

What breed of dogs has the highest prevalence of "universal donor" blood type?

A

T or F: There is no "null" phenotype in cat AB system

A, B

Type ______ is dominant to type _______ for feline blood types

A, B

Most cats with type ________ blood have low-titer, natural antibodies to type _______ erythrocytes

B, A

All cats with type _______ blood have high titer, natural antibodies to type _________ erythrocytes

A, B

Neonatal isoerythrolysis can occur when a when type _______ kittens nurse a queen with type _______ blood

Fading kitten syndrome

Neonatal isoerythrolysis is one of the causes of this when a type A kitten nurses from a type B queen

A

What is the predominant feline blood type in the Southeast?

Breed

The frequency of type B in cats varies according to what?

Siamese and burmese

Which two breeds of cats have no type B cats?

Blood typing

Testing of RBCs to identify the blood group antigens on their surface

Major crossmatch

Testing of recipient's plasma for antibodies to donor's RBCs

Minor crossmatch

Testing of donor's plasma for antibodies to recipient's RBCs