Untitled Flashcards Set

AND Operation

Both bits must be 1.

OR Operation

At least one bit must be 1.

Binary to Decimal Conversion

Multiply each bit by powers of 2.

Decimal to Binary Conversion

Divide by 2 repeatedly, record remainders.

Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion

Group bits in 4s.

MAC Address

Format: AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF (hexadecimal).

Subnet Mask

Defines network and host portions; e.g., /27 mask = 255.255.255.224.

Effective Data Rate per Node

Calculated as Link Speed Mbps divided by Nodes per port.

Collision Domain

Devices that compete for access; switches/routers break collision domains.

Broadcast Domain

Devices reachable by broadcasts; routers separate broadcast domains.

Hub

Broadcasts signals; operates at Layer 1.

Switch

Forwards frames based on MAC address; operates at Layer 2.

Router

Routes packets between networks based on IP address; operates at Layer 3.

Star Topology

Pro: Easy troubleshooting; Con: Single point failure.

Bus Topology

Pro: Cheap, simple; Con: Single failure disables entire network.

Mesh Topology

Pro: Reliable, redundancy; Con: Expensive, complex.

Fiber Optic

Pro: High speed, low interference; Con: High cost, complex installation.

Ad hoc Wireless Network

Direct device-to-device connections.

Infrastructure Wireless Network

Uses central access point.

Bandwidth

High frequency minus low frequency.

UTP Cable Maximum Length

100 meters (total length limit).

Serial Transmission

One bit is transmitted at a time.

Padding Bytes in Ethernet

Used if data is too small to meet minimum frame size.

Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

Non-standard voltage signals a collision.