T + L - Spine Projections
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Merill's Atlas - CH 9
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36 Terms
Where is the CR directed for all t-spine projections?
T7, between jugular notch and xiphoid process
What is the tube angulation for a lateral t-spine if the spine isn’t horizontal?
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
Where should the CR be directed for an AP projection, specifically for lumbosacral exams?
L4, level of iliac crests
Where should the CR be directed for an AP projection, specifically for lumbar - only exams?
L3, 1.5 in (3.8 cm) above iliac crests
Where should the CR be directed for a lateral projection of the l-spine?
L4 (iliac crests)
What is the tube angulation if the spine isn’t horizontal for a lateral projection of the l-spine?
5 to 8 degrees caudad
Where should the CR be directed for an L5-S1 projection of the l-spine?
2 in posterior to the ASIS, and 1.5 in below the iliac crest
What is the tube angulation if the spine isn’t horizontal for a L5-S1 projection on a female?
8 degrees caudad
What is the tube angulation if the spine isn’t horizontal for a L5-S1 projection on a male?
5 degrees caudad
Where is the CR directed for an AP oblique projection of the l-spine?
2 in inward from the ASIS, and 1.5 above the iliac crests
What joints are well demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the l-spine?
zygapophyseal joints closest to IR
How much should the patient be rotated for an AP oblique projection of the SI joints?
25 to 30 degrees
Where is the CR directed for an AP oblique projection of the SI joints?
1 in inward from the elevated ASIS
Where is the CR directed for an AP Axial projection of the sacrum and the coccyx?
2 in superior to pubic symphysis
What is the tube angulation for an AP Axial projection of the sacrum?
15 degrees cephalad
What is the tube angulation for an AP Axial projection of the coccyx?
10 degrees caudad
Where is the CR directed for a lateral sacrum?
level of ASIS and 3.5 in posterior
Where is the CR directed for a lateral coccyx?
level of ASIS, 3.5 in posterior, and 2 in inferior
What must scoliosis exams capture when exposing the T and L vertebrae?
1 in of the iliac crests
What is a scoliosis exam known as?
a thoracolumbar exam!
Where should the CR be directed for all scoliosis exams?
to the center of the IR
What is the projection, position, and anatomy?
Lateral t-spine
What is the projection, position, and anatomy?
AP Axial oblique l-spine
What is the projection, position, and anatomy?
AP Axial oblique l-spine
What anatomy is demonstrated on a lateral t-spine projection?
intervertebral foramina
What anatomy is demonstrated on a lateral l-spine projection?
intervertebral foramina
What anatomy is demonstrated on oblique t-spine projections?
zygapophyseal joints
What is the projection, position, and anatomy?
AP oblique SI joints
What is the projection, position, and anatomy?
AP Axial sacrum
What is the projection, position, and anatomy?
AP/PA Axial coccyx
What is the projection, position, and anatomy?
Lateral sacrum
What is the projection, position, and anatomy?
Lateral coccyx
Which SI joint is demonstrated on an AP Oblique projection?
the SI joint farthest from the IR (on the elevated side)
What is the SID for scoliosis exams?
60 inches
How long is the IR for scoliosis exams?
36 inches
What joints are well demonstrated on an PA oblique projection of the l-spine?
zygapophyseal joints farthest from the IR
Note 
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