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Ethos
An appeal to authority aiming to establish the credibility of a speaker or source.
Pathos
An appeal to the reader's emotions.
Logos
An appeal to logic.
Call to Action
used by the author to urge readers to follow through with his/her argument.
Challenging Assumptions
used by the author to draw attention to a seemingly common idea.
Making Concessions
used by the author to show that his/her argument is better than opposing ones.
Inclusive Language (Appeal to Identity)
Words that make the reader feel part of a group.
Anecdote
A short personal story.
Allusion
A reference to a book, movie, song, etc.
Testimony
Quoting from people who have something to say about the issue.
Statistics and Data
Using facts and figures.
Colloquialism/ Slang
Use of casual and informal language in writing.
Jargon
Specialized language.
Diction
Word choice.
Syntax
Sentence structure.
Hypophora
Writer raises a question, and then immediately provides an answer to that question.
Rhetorical Question
A question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.
Metaphor
Saying one thing IS another thing.
Analogy
A comparison between two things, typically to explain function.
Simile
Saying one thing is LIKE another thing.
Personification
Giving a nonhuman thing human qualities.
Anthropomorphism
Apply human traits or qualities to a non-human thing such as objects, animals, or the weather.
Symbolism
One thing represents something else.
Metonymy
A metonym doesn't just symbolize something else, it comes to serve as a synonym for that thing or things.
Foreshadowing
When the author hints at events yet to come in a story.
Imagery
Language that appeals to the senses.
Onomatopoeia
The formation of words from sounds which seem to suggest their meaning.
Hyperbole
Exaggeration.
Understatement
Making something sound much less than it is.
Euphemism
Use of a mild word for one thought to be rough or offensive.
Dysphemism
A derogatory or unpleasant term used instead of a pleasant or neutral one.
Lexical Field
Lexical field or semantic field is the way of organizing related words and expressions into a system.
Assonance
Repeated vowel sounds.
Consonance
Repeated consonant sounds.
Plosive/ Explosive Consonants
Cacophony is the placement of explosive consonants close together.
Euphony
Euphony is the opposite of cacophony.
Sibilance
Sibilance is the repetition of a hissing sound within a phrase or sentence.
Repetition
Mentioning a word or phrase several times.
Epiphora
The repetition of a word or a phrase at the end of two or more successive lines, sentences etc.
Parallelism
Writing constructed in a similar, symmetrical manner.
Tone
The way the author's voice sounds.
Humor
Jokes and funny language.
Irony
Situational irony: the opposite thing happens from what is expected.
Synecdoche
A figure of speech using one part for the whole or something special for something general.
Polysyndeton
Conjunctions used in rapid succession.
Asyndeton
Words or phrases presented in series, separated by commas only, without conjunctions.
Ellipsis
An incomplete sentence construction.
Anaphora
The repetition of a word or a phrase at the beginning of two or more successive lines, sentences etc.
Juxtaposition
Holding two things up side by side to compare or contrast them.
Oxymoron
Two contradictory words or phrases are combined.
Dichotomy
A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
Paradox
A situation or statement that seems impossible or is difficult to understand because it contains two opposite facts or characteristics.
Antithesis
Mentioning one thing and its opposite.
Note 
Flashcard (46)