Studied by 14 people
Daughters of Liberty
An organization formed by women prior to the American Revolution They got together to protest treatment of the colonies by their British Rulers
Mary McCauley (Molly Pitcher)
heroine of the American Revolution who carried water to soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth Court House and took over her husband's gun when he was overcome by heat
Deborah Sampson
RAt the age of 21, she dressed up as a man in order to fight in the American Revolution; is the first documented woman to impersonate a man to get into the army; was awarded an honorable discharge and pension; and proved that women could be of some use in the war.
Republican Motherhood
The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children
Abigail Adams
Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.
Articles of Confederation
1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)
Executive Branch
the branch of government that carries out laws
Legislative Branch
the branch of government that makes the laws
Judicial Branch
the branch of government that interprets laws
Shays' Rebellion
Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.
Constitutional Convention
Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.
Federalism
A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
Separation of Powers
Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Virginia Plan
Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population
New Jersey Plan
The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population.
Great Compromise
1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The Great Compromise resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 senators. All tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a fair and sensible resolution to their problems.
Three-Fifths Compromise
Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.
Commercial Compromise
Allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce yet prohibited any tariffs on exported goods. This agreement incorporated the needs of both the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists to some degree.
Electoral College System
This system would determine the president of the United States. Each state was given a number of electors equal to the total of their number of representatives and senators. These electors would then vote to determine the president.
Federalists
Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption.
Anti-Federalists
Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption.
Amendments
Official changes, corrections, or additions to the Constitution
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution
Cabinet
Advisory council for the president consisting of the heads of the executive departments, the vice president, and a few other officials selected by the president.
Supreme Court
Consists of nine justices, each appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress. Appointment is for life. Supreme Court exercises the power to determine constitutionality of statutes
Federal Courts
Courts that hear disputes about laws that apply to the entire United States
National Bank
Hamilton's big idea; fiercely opposed by Jefferson and Democratic-Rep. The bank would regulate money and draw investors; showed that the constitution could be construed in many a way.
Jay Treaty
Treaty in which Britain agreed to evacuate its posts on the US western frontier (1794)
Right of deposit
Americans reached an agreement with Spain that would allow free navigation along the Mississippi River
Battle of Fallen Timbers
The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River
Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
Public Land Act
in 1796 established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices.
Federalist Party
A political party created in the 1790s and influenced by Alexander Hamilton that wanted to strengthen the federal government and promote industry and trade.
Democratic Republican party
Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank
Political parties
organized groups that attempt to influence the government by electing their members to important government offices
Permanent Alliances
George Washington's farewell address warned against in having permanent alliances in foreign affairs.
XYZ Affair
A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats
Charles Wilson Peale
The colonial painter (1741-1827) best known for his portraits of George Washington who also ran a museum for stuffed birds and practiced dentistry.
Pierre-Charles L-Enfant
Architect of Washington DC
Gilbert Stuart
United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington
Northwest Ordinance
Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states
Indian Intercourse Act
Passed in 1834 this act prohibited any white person from entering Indian country without a license
Daniel Boone
famous early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west. Wilderness Road became the main route used to cross the Appalachian Mountains
Cotton Gin and Eli Whitney
The cotton gin is a machine invented in 1793 invented by American Eli Whitney (granted a patent on March 14, 1794) to mechanize the production of cotton fiber. Led to increase of Atlantic Slave Trade
