Ch 7 - Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems

Neural network program

________: helps engineers slow or speed drilling operations to help increase accuracy /reduce costs.

Genetic Algorithm

________: approach to solving complex problems in which a number of related operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges.

Effective KMS

________: is based on learning new knowledge and changing procedure and approaches as a result.

Manufacturers

________ use robots to assemble and paint products.

Voice recognition

________: converting sound waves into words.

Intelligent Agent

________: programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, process, or another program.

Vision Systems

________: Hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures.

Informatics

________: combines traditional disciplines, such as science and medicine, with computer systems and technology.

Neural Networks

________: computer system that simulates functioning of a human brain.

Game theory

________: uses information systems to develop competitive strategies for people, organisations, or even countries.

Inference Engine

________: seeks information and relationships from the knowledge base.

Robotics

________: mechanical devices that can perform tasks that require a high degree of precision.

Knowledge base

________: stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationship used by expert system.

Explanation Facility

________: allows user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results.

Virtual reality system

________: enables one or more users to move and react in a computer- simulated environment.

Contemporary robotics

________: combine both high precision machine capabilities and sophisticated controlling software.

Knowledge

________: awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.

Knowledge user

________: person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system.

Haptic interface

________: relays sense of touch and other sensations in a virtual world.

Information

________: collection of facts organised so they have additional value beyond the facts themselves.

Knowledge Management Systems

________ (KMS): is an organised collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices.

Explicit Knowledge

________: is objective, can be measured and documented in reports, papers, and rulers.

Communities of Practice

________ (COP): group of people dedicated to a common discipline or practice.

Tacit Knowledge

________: hard to measure and document, typically not objective or formalised.

Expert systems

________ can be developed from any programming language.

Communities of Practice (COP)

group of people dedicated to a common discipline or practice

Knowledge repository

includes documents, reports, files and databases

Knowledge map

directory that points the knowledge worker to the needed knowledge

Effective KMS

is based on learning new knowledge and changing procedure and approaches as a result

Artificial Intelligence

computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain

Artificial intelligence systems

include the people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of human intelligence

Turing Test

determines whether responses from a computer with high intelligence are distinguishable from a human being

Brain computer interface (BCI)

idea is to directly connect the human brain to a computer and have thought control computer activities

Vision Systems

Hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures

Natural language processing

processing that allows the computer to understand and react to statements and commands made in a "natural" language

Voice recognition

converting sound waves into words

Learning systems

combination of software and hardware that allows the computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives

Learning systems software

requires feedback on results of actions or decisions

Neural Networks

computer system that simulates functioning of a human brain

Neural network program

helps engineers slow or speed drilling operations to help increase accuracy/reduce costs

Genetic Algorithm

approach to solving complex problems in which a number of related operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges

Intelligent Agent

programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, process, or another program

Computerised expert systems

systems that use heuristics (techniques) to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions

Knowledge base

stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationship used by expert system

Inference Engine

seeks information and relationships from the knowledge base

Explanation Facility

allows user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results

Knowledge Acquisition facility

provides convenient and efficient means of capturing and string all components of knowledge base

Domain Expert

person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture

Knowledge engineer

person who has training in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system

Expert system shells and products

collections of software packages and tools used to design, develop, implement, and maintain expert systems

Virtual reality system

enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment

Immersive virtual reality

user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, 3D world that is completely generated by a computer