Art History I Exam III

Viking ship burial

Man (symbol of Saint Matthew) the Book of Durrow

Saint Matthew, the Ebbo Gospels

Gero Crucifix

Cluny III (Restored cutaway view of the third abbey church at Cluny)

Initial R with knight fighting dragons, Moralia in Job

Battle of Hastings, detail of the Bayeux Tapestry

Abbey church, Saint-Denis, France

Rose window and lancets, Chartres Cathedral,

Moralized bible dedication page, Blanche of Castile, Louis IX, and two monks

Naumburg Master, Crucifixion, west choir screen

Röttgen Pietà

Great Stupa

The life and death of the Buddha

Vishvanatha Temple

Bi disk with dragons

Terracotta Warriors, Army of the First Emperor of Qin

Flying horse

Li Cheng, A Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks

Flame-style vessel

Dotaku with incised figural motifs

King, from Ita Yemoo (Ife)

Waist pendant of Queen Mother Idia

What were Viking ship burials?

Elaborate funerals for high-status individuals.

What items were typically included in a Viking ship burial?

Valuable grave goods like weapons, jewelry, and tools.

What was the purpose of a Viking ship burial?

To send the deceased on a journey to the afterlife.

What did the size and decoration of a Viking ship indicate?

The person's social status.

What is the 'Man' in the Book of Durrow a symbol of?

Saint Matthew

What style is the 'Man (symbol of Saint Matthew)' from the Book of Durrow an example of?

Insular art

What are the characteristics of Insular art?

Intricate interlace patterns, animal motifs, and vibrant colors

How is the image of Saint Matthew depicted in the Book of Durrow?

Stylized and flat, with a focus on decorative elements

What is the distinctive style of Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospels?

The style is characterized by a sense of energy and dynamism.

How is Saint Matthew depicted in the Ebbo Gospels?

He is depicted in a dramatic pose, with flowing lines and expressive features.

What term describes the style of the Ebbo Gospels?

Emotionalism.

How does the style of the Ebbo Gospels differ from earlier Carolingian art?

It is a departure from the more classical style.

What influence did the Ebbo Gospels have on manuscript illumination?

It significantly influenced the use of expressive line and dramatic composition.

What is the Gero Crucifix?

The Gero Crucifix is a monumental wooden sculpture that showcases the expressive power of Ottonian art.

What does the Gero Crucifix depict?

It depicts a life-size, suffering Christ with a realistic and emotional portrayal.

What are some notable features of the Gero Crucifix?

The figure's elongated form, drooping head, and realistic bodily details were groundbreaking for the time.

What influence did the Gero Crucifix have on art?

It had a significant influence on subsequent depictions of Christ, inspiring artists to explore more realistic and emotional representations of the crucifixion.

What was Cluny III?

Cluny III was a massive Romanesque church, the largest in Europe for centuries.

What did Cluny III symbolize?

Cluny III symbolized the power and influence of the Cluny monastic order.

What impact did Cluny III have on religious architecture?

Cluny III set a new standard for religious architecture with its vast scale and complex architecture.

How did Cluny III influence art?

Cluny III encouraged the creation of elaborate sculptures and illuminated manuscripts to adorn its interior.

What does the initial 'R' in the Moralia in Job manuscript symbolize?

The struggle between good and evil.

What does the knight fighting dragons represent in the Moralia in Job?

The Christian battle against sin and temptation.

What is a common theme in medieval art as reflected in the Moralia in Job?

Moral and spiritual concerns.

What pivotal event does the Battle of Hastings in the Bayeux Tapestry depict?

The Norman Conquest of England in 1066.

Who led the Norman forces in the Battle of Hastings?

William, Duke of Normandy.

Who was the leader of the Anglo-Saxon army at the Battle of Hastings?

King Harold Godwinson.

What does the Bayeux Tapestry provide a visual record of?

The strategies, tactics, and weaponry used in medieval warfare.

What is the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis known for?

It is considered the birthplace of Gothic architecture.

What innovative design features are found in the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis?

Pointed arches, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows.

How did the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis influence architecture in Europe?

Its design revolutionized church building and influenced the construction of countless cathedrals and churches.

What do the rose window and lancets at Chartres Cathedral reflect?

The patronage of the French royal family, particularly Louis IX and his mother, Blanche of Castile.

What do the windows at Chartres Cathedral depict?

Scenes from the Bible and the lives of saints.

How do the windows at Chartres Cathedral reinforce the monarchy?

By reinforcing the religious and political power of the monarchy.

What royal symbol is included in the windows at Chartres Cathedral?

The fleur-de-lis.

What is the significance of the inclusion of royal symbols in the windows at Chartres Cathedral?

It emphasizes the connection between the cathedral and the royal family.

Who are depicted on the dedication page of the Moralized Bible?

Blanche of Castile and Louis IX

What was the purpose of commissioning the Moralized Bible?

To educate and inspire the young king

What does the Moralized Bible reflect about the role of future rulers?

The importance of religious and moral instruction

What does the inclusion of Blanche of Castile and Louis IX in the Moralized Bible signify?

Their commitment to cultural and intellectual pursuits

Who created the Crucifixion in the west choir screen?

Naumburg Master

What is the Naumburg Master's Crucifixion known for?

Emotional intensity and naturalistic style

How are the figures depicted in the Naumburg Master's Crucifixion?

With lifelike expressions and gestures

What sense do the figures in the Naumburg Master's Crucifixion convey?

Profound grief and suffering

What impact did the Naumburg Master's Crucifixion have on future sculptors?

Influenced a more humanistic and expressive style in Gothic art

What is the Röttgen Pietà?

A sculpture depicting Mary cradling the lifeless body of Christ.

What kind of response does the Röttgen Pietà aim to evoke?

A strong emotional response from the viewer.

What themes does the Röttgen Pietà emphasize?

The suffering and humanity of Christ.

What was the intended effect of the Röttgen Pietà's portrayal?

To inspire empathy and devotion in the viewer.

What was the primary purpose of the Great Stupa at Sanchi?

To serve as a pilgrimage site for Buddhists and to inspire devotion.

What does the Great Stupa at Sanchi house?

Relics believed to be associated with the Buddha.

What is a key feature of the design of the Great Stupa at Sanchi?

It has a hemispherical dome and four gateways adorned with intricate carvings.

What does the design of the Great Stupa symbolize?

The path to enlightenment.

What is the historical importance of the depiction of the Buddha's life and death in art?

It helped to solidify and spread the teachings of Buddhism.

How did images of the Buddha's life and death serve as visual aids?

They allowed people to connect with the Buddha's life and teachings.

What role did depictions of the Buddha's life and death play in the Buddhist community?

They helped to create a sense of community among Buddhists and fostered devotion.

What does the symbolism of the erotic sculptures in Vishvanatha Temple represent?

The cyclical nature of life, death, and rebirth, and the union of the divine masculine and feminine energies.

What does the architecture of Vishvanatha Temple reflect?

The cosmic order and the divine power of the gods.

What dynasty is associated with the artistic and technical achievements of the Vishvanatha Temple?

The Chandela dynasty.

What impact do the erotic sculptures of Vishvanatha Temple have on the people?

They are an integral part of India's cultural heritage and continue to fascinate visitors.

What is shown in the Hindu art and architecture of the Vishvanatha Temple?

It showcases the rich and diverse traditions of Hindu art and architecture.

What was the purpose of the Terracotta Army?

To protect the First Emperor of Qin in his afterlife.

What did the Terracotta Army demonstrate?

The power and authority of the First Emperor of Qin, even in death.

What were the life-size figures of the Terracotta Army meant to do?

Guard the tomb of the First Emperor of Qin and accompany him on his journey to the afterlife.

What are bi disks?

Bi disks are ceremonial objects from ancient China, often associated with rituals and burials.

What is the significance of the dragon motif on bi disks?

The dragon motif may represent cosmic forces, imperial power, or divine protection.

What is the likely purpose of the bi disk with dragons?

The specific purpose is not entirely clear, but it likely held symbolic significance.

What does the shape and decoration of bi disks suggest?

It suggests their use in ritual ceremonies, possibly related to ancestor worship or the veneration of celestial deities.

What does the 'Flying Horse' bronze sculpture showcase?

Innovative techniques in Chinese bronze casting.

What does the dynamic pose of the 'Flying Horse' sculpture demonstrate?

A high level of technical skill and artistic expression.

What are the intricate details and realistic form of the 'Flying Horse' a testament to?

The advanced metalworking techniques of the time.

Who is the artist of 'A Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks'?

Li Cheng

What is 'A Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks' considered a masterpiece of?

Chinese landscape painting

What new standard did 'A Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks' establish?

A new standard for landscape art, emphasizing the harmony between humans and nature

What are some notable features of Li Cheng's painting?

Meticulous brushwork, atmospheric perspective, and the depiction of a serene and majestic landscape

Who did 'A Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks' have an impact on?

It had a profound impact on subsequent generations of Chinese artists.

What are flame-style vessels known for?

Flame-style vessels are distinctive for their organic, flowing forms and intricate surface decorations.