a & p lab review joints

Articular joint

Surrounds and encloses the joint cavity

Diathrotic joints-

Freely movable joints

Synovial membrane

Produces synovial fluid for lubrication

Synovial cavity

Fluid filled space within synovial joints.

Articular cartilage

Smooth, white fissure that covers end of bones to form synovial joints

Hyaline cartilage

Articular cartilage is made of

Synovial fluid

Lubrication between Articular cartilages

Ligaments

Strong bands of fibrous CT

Connects bones

Bursa

Small, fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction

Anterior cruciate ligament

Lateral femoral condyle

Located in ACL connecting femur to tibia

Crosses in front of posterior ligaments PCL

Posterior cruciate ligament

Medial femoral condyle

Connects femur to tibia

Cross x shape with the ACL

Menisci

Sit on top of tibial plateau

Made of fibrocartilage

Fibular collateral ligament

On fibula side, outer side of knee

Connects lateral epicondyle of femur to head of femur

Tibial collateral ligament

Location: medial(inner) side of knee

Connects: medial epicondyle of femur → medial surface of knee

Function: resists valgus stress

Flexion

Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones

Extension

Straightening a joint to increase the angle between two bones

Hypertension

Extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion

Adduction

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

Abduction

Movement of a limb away midline of the body

Rotation

Movement of a bone around its own axis

Circumduction

Circular movement of a limb combining flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward

Dorsiflextion

Bending the foot downward at the ankle (pointing toes)

Supination

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces upward or forward

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces downward or backward

Protraction

Moving body part forward (pushing jaw outward

Retraction

Moving a body part backward (pulling jaw inward)

Depression

Moving a body part downward

Elevation

Raising or lifting a body part upward